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  Second Crusade The: The History...

  Charles River Editors

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  In the 50 years following the First Crusade, the Latin states in the East were consolidated, but there were also growing tensions and new challenges. Against this backdrop, the fall of the County of Edessa in December 1144 at the hands of Zengi, the atabeg of Aleppo and Mosul, was a catastrophic event. Founded in 1098 by the future King Baldwin of Boulogne, Edessa was the first Crusader state, as well as the northernmost, weakest, and least populated. It was constantly exposed to Muslim attacks, and news of its fall reached Europe at the beginning of 1145, and the fall was the catalyst for the Second Crusade. Furthermore, the Crusader states were also concerned about their relationship with the Byzantine Empire. Relations with the Empire were often tense. As early as 1105, Bohemond of Antioch travelled to the West in search of troops to fight the Muslims while concealing his intention to attack parts of the Byzantine Empire. He reportedly obtained papal acquiescence, though not an explicit bull.  
  Historically, writers have given little prominence to the Second Crusade because of its failure, and it is understandably overshadowed by the triumphant First Crusade and the more captivating Third Crusade. For a long time, historiography attributed a central role to Bernard of Clairvaux, sometimes portraying him as the sole architect of the enterprise due to the political difficulties experienced by Pope Eugene III in Rome. However, more recent studies have re-evaluated the Pope's role, emphasizing his commitment to planning and coordinating the crusade through a network of legates and advisors. Contrary to the portrayal of him as a naïve monk, Eugene III had a profound grasp of the dynamics of crusading and the boundaries of Christendom, which informed his bull and overall strategy. Another historiographical issue concerns the scope of the crusade itself:

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  The Letters of Charlotte Brontë...

  Alan Drury

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  Immerse yourself in the captivating world of Charlotte Brontë featuring the remarkable performance of Imogen Stubbs as the iconic author herself in “The Letters of Charlotte Brontë”. 
   
  “Imogen Stubb’s reading of her letters show us a character so fine, so sympathetic that in the end we are uplifted” Good Book Guide 
   
  “Imogen Stubbs reading is enthusiastic... and her reading of Emily’s slow death could not be faulted. 5-star rating.”  Talking Business 
   
  Step back in time to the early 19th century as we unveil the poignant and tragic life of Charlotte Brontë (1816-1855). From the desolate Haworth parsonage to the captivating landscapes of Brussels and the windswept Yorkshire moors, Charlotte's life unfolds before your ears through her heartfelt letters to her closest friend and confidante, Ellen Nussey.  
   
  Witness her triumphant creation of "Jane Eyre," only to be struck by the heart-wrenching loss of her siblings. Discover the resilience of a woman who, despite personal tragedy, continued to pen timeless novels and wander her cherished moors. 
   
  Enjoy a gripping narrative of Charlotte Brontë's remarkable life and untimely death, filled with passion, perseverance, and profound literary legacy. This is Charlotte Brontë’s world, a literary genius who left an indelible mark on literature. 
   
  Also available as part of the CLASSIC LETTERS & JOURNALS BOX SET, a sixteen hour, seven-volume edition featuring the letters and journals of Lord Nelson, Charlotte Brontë, Scott of the Antarctic, Queen Victoria, Lord Byron, Jane Austen and Dorothy Wordsworth. Performed by Charles Dance, Imogen Stubbs, Edward Fox, Virginia McKenna, Robert Powell, Fiona Shaw and Jenny Agutter. 
   
  © & ℗ 2022 Mr Punch Audiobooks Ltd

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  Queens - History and Biography...

  Kelly Mass

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  This book contains the stories and biographies of several queens from history: 
  Bloody Mary - Mary I, typically called Mary Tudor and called "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant challengers, ruled as Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 till November 17th, 1558. She is well recalled for her solid attempts to reverse the English Reformation, which started throughout her dad's reign, Henry VIII's reign. 
  Marie Antoinette - Before the Reign of Terror, Marie Antoinette was the last queen of France. She was the penultimate kid and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I, and was born an archduchess of Austria. At the age of 14, she wed Louis-Auguste, the beneficiary evident to the French throne, and ended up being dauphine of France in May 1770. Her partner, Louis XVI, took the throne on May 10, 1774, and she ended up being queen. 
  Eleanor of Aquitaine - Eleanor of Aquitaine is a controversial figure in history. Many have referred to her in a different light. Some with some opinions, others with others. Today, you will learn more about those and get as many facts straight as possible. 
  Queen Victoria - From June twentieth, 1837, to her death in the year 1901, Victoria ruled as Queen of the UK of Great Britain and Ireland. Her rule of 63 years and 7 months, called the Victorian period, was the longest of any British emperor before her. It was a period of considerable commercial, social, technical, and army development in the U.K., and also a period of great British Empire growth. 
  Anne Boleyn - As King Henry VIII's 2nd marriage partner, Anne Boleyn ruled as Queen of England from 1533 till 1536. Her marriage and execution by beheading for treason and other criminal offenses made her an essential player in the political and religious chaos that identified the start of the English Reformation. 

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  Practice the Pause - Jesus'...

  Caroline Oakes

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  These days, many of us live in a state of overreactive fight-or-flight response and chronic stress. The demands of modern life pull us in all directions and can often put the meaningful connections in our lives at risk—connections to our deepest selves, to others, and even to God. 
   
   
   
  But there is good news. New developments in brain science have recently proven that an intentional practice of pausing for a few minutes of meditation, prayer, or other contemplative practice actually rewires our brain in ways that make us calmer, less reactive, and better able to see the bigger picture. 
   
   
   
  In Practice the Pause, spiritual director and writer Caroline Oakes offers easy-to-understand explanations of how this new brain science is confirming what every spiritual tradition has been telling us for millennia: by practicing the pause, we become more self-aware and better able to understand others. We become more "God aware." With a refreshing focus on the Eastern Christian understanding of Jesus as a master of wisdom, Oakes shines a spotlight on Jesus's own centering pause practice as a transformative path for personal and social change. We learn that even a seven-second pause practice can move us beyond the fight-or-flight responses of our ego in our daily lives and actually equip us to cultivate the common good in the world.

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  Fortress London: Why we need to...

  Sam Bright

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  A vividly written and timely polemic tackling the burning injustices shaping British society today. 
  ‘Intelligently written and powerfully argued.’ Paul Mason 
  ‘Witty, scathing, and entertaining.’ Danny Dorling 
  Journalist Sam Bright is a Northerner living in London. He is just one of the millions of people clinging on to the coattails of the capital, sucked in by the prospect of opportunities that the rest of the United Kingdom does not enjoy. 
  Our capital is a vast melting pot of languages, cultures, and ideas, and rightly celebrated for it. For many, though, there is no other option. The only place to access the opportunities this country offers is London. Banking, law, politics, advertising, architecture, the arts and the media are all concentrated here. It is almost impossible to reach the heights of any profession without joining the grey hoards queuing for the next tube. As the economic, political, and cultural epicentre of the country, Fortress London acts more like a renaissance city-state like Florence or Venice than the capital of a modern nation-state. And the gluttony of London, compared to the malnourishment of our regions, dramatically affects life chances in Britain. 
  Fortress London argues that to address Britain’s manifold problems, we need first to end the hegemony of its capital. Enriched by a vast array of interviews and statistics, it will examine how our individual destinies, from childhood to death, are determined by the disproportionate power of London. It will explain why regional inequality has fallen off the Left’s radar, even as the Right pays lip service to it, and it will draw on international comparisons to show where we have gone wrong and, crucially, how we can fix it. 
  Sam Bright’s clear-eyed intervention will convince you that regional inequality is the problem — and that now is the time for change. 
  Featuring exclusive interviews with: Andy Burnham, Lisa Nandy, Steve Rotheram, Aditya Chakrabortty, David Blunkett, Jess Phillips, Andrew Adonis and more… 
  In Fortress London, Sam Bright masterfully delves into the science of social disparity and the geography of opportunity, painting a vivid picture of a city that is both a beacon of hope and a fortress of inequality. The book is a top pick for anyone interested in public affairs, policy planning, and the human cost of regional inequality. 
  For fans of James O'Brien (How They Broke Britain), Chris Bryant (James and John), Grace Blakeley (Vulture Capitalism), Ian Dunt (Conspiracy Theory), and Rory Stewart (The Places In Between). 
  HarperCollins 2022

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  Social and Cultural Dynamics -...

  Lyric Vale

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  Cities are living, breathing organisms composed not of concrete and steel, but of human stories, interactions, relationships, and collective dreams. Beyond their physical infrastructure, urban environments are complex social ecosystems where diverse human experiences intersect, collide, and transform—creating a dynamic tapestry of cultural expression, social negotiation, and collective identity. This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate social and cultural landscapes that breathe life into urban spaces, examining how human connections, cultural practices, and sociological patterns shape the very essence of metropolitan experience. 
  The narrative of urban social dynamics is a profound journey through the human experience of collective living, where individual stories weave together to create the rich, complex fabric of city life. By exploring the social structures, cultural interactions, and sociological mechanisms that define urban environments, this book uncovers the nuanced ways in which people create meaning, build communities, and negotiate identities within the dense, diverse landscapes of modern cities. Readers will traverse the intricate terrain of urban sociology, discovering how social networks, cultural practices, economic dynamics, and human relationships transform physical spaces into living, evolving communities—revealing cities not as static geographical locations, but as dynamic, ever-changing repositories of human potential, conflict, creativity, and collective aspiration.

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