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  A Rare Recording of President...

  President William Howard Taft

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  William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 - March 8, 1930), born in Cincinnati, Ohio, served as Secretary of War under President Theodore Roosevelt, then was elected on the Republican ticket as the 27th president of the United States from 1909 to 1913, and, later, named the tenth chief justice of the United States from 1921 to 1930. He is the only person to have held both offices. The following recordings are from the campaign trail in 1908, and, later, in 1912.

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  Formation of the Federal Reserve...

  Editors Charles River

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  Debates over paper money and banking are older than the United States of America itself. 18th and 19th century Americans were deeply ambivalent about paper money and central banks, and political fights over these issues were among the bitterest in American history. In fact, controversies over the country’s central bank birthed both the first (1792-1824) and second (1828-1852) party systems; frequently, policymakers crafted responses to the crisis at hand, and as a result they implemented policies that were inadequate to the challenges the country faced in the future.  
  Indeed, the early administrations' ambivalence toward central banking and paper money, combined with the ad hoc nature of policymakers’ responses, caused severe problems. These issues came to a head during the Panic of 1907, which provoked a major reassessment of America’s banking system. Progressive Era reformers like President Woodrow Wilson walked a tightrope, balancing fears of centralized wealth with the undeniable need for a rational mechanism to help govern the country’s economy. The system they created represented half a loaf, its many compromises and weaknesses corrected by the response to two other crises: the Great Depression and the Cold War. The Federal Reserve System that has existed since the Accord of 1951 has cooled the passionate conflict over central banking and rendered obsolete many of the monetary questions that so animated Americans in previous centuries. 

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  Minding the Wealth Gap - Our...

  Cliff Goins IV

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  The US racial wealth gap is large, and it's compounding. It's time to close it. Minding the Wealth Gap shines a light on people doing this important work and explores how you can get involved too. 
    
  Generations of public and private practices have left Black households $15 trillion and 400 years behind white households. Engaging storytelling backed by data, Minding the Wealth Gap highlights the wide-ranging impact of this lack of wealth parity. It explores the intricate connections between issues such as housing disparities, employment opportunities, education, investment barriers, social networks, and over-policing, all of which contribute to the staggering wealth gap between Black and white households. 
    
  Investment professional Cliff Goins IV shines a spotlight on nine Black entrepreneurs and executives who are actively working to bridge this chasm: 
    
  • Kedra Newsom Reeves is a highly accomplished management consultant by day, serving as a partner at the Boston Consulting Group, where she drives holistic solutions to wealth creation. 
  • Mark Wilson became an accidental entrepreneur, then used his platform to empower economic mobility for under-resourced team members. 
  • C-suite executive Selena Cuffe is a world traveler and a talented business leader. She is a poster child for the power of cultivating diverse talent. 
  • Lee Henderson leveraged his role as partner at Ernst & Young LLP to help launch a network of resources to accelerate the growth of underserved ethnic minority-owned businesses. 
  • Shundrawn Thomas champions underdogs and unleashes access to financial and human capital as CEO of The Copia Group, a private investment firm. 
  • Tony Wilkins, an advisor for Google for Startups, is an entrepreneur whisperer, imparting wisdom and money that they need to flourish. 
  • Corporate lawyer turned entrepreneur George Fatheree III advocates for real estate justice and turbocharges home and land ownership. 
  • Small business banker Steve Hall locates the diamonds in the rough, putting capital to work in overlooked communities. 
  • Serial entrepreneur and sage Robert Blackwell Jr. is compelling large organizations to "just do business" and free the enterprises. 
    
  These "gap closers" have much to teach us, having pioneered initiatives such as empowering economic mobility, advocating for homeownership, and championing economic parity. Minding the Wealth Gap is both a powerful catalyst and a call to arms, urging America's entrepreneurs, executives, government officials, and other leaders to join these efforts and take meaningful steps toward a more equitable future for all.

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  Grunwald and Orsha: The History...

  Editors Charles River

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  Like other secretive groups, the mystery surrounding the Teutonic Knights has helped their legacy endure. While some conspiracy theorists attempt to tie the group to other alleged secret societies like the Illuminati, other groups have tried to assert connections with the Teutonic Knights to bolster their own credentials. Who they were and what they had in their possession continue to be a source of great intrigue even among non-historical circles.  
  While the military orders are now often tied to religion or conspiracy theories, they did once wield great power and influence in Europe, and their actions had consequences centuries after they had reached their peak. This was made clear in the wake of a major battle fought between German and Russian forces from August 26-30, 1914 during the First World War. It occurred in Masuria, a region of marshes, woodland, and numerous lakes in northern Poland, almost 400,000 men were involved, and it was a decisive victory for the Germans, who annihilated the Russian army. The Germans named the battle after Tannenberg (Polish Stebark), and the battle, though widely fought over 100 miles, did indeed encompass the village, but there was a historical reason for assigning the name to the battle. On July 15, 1410, Tannenberg was the site of another decisive battle between the army of the Germanic Teutonic Order and that of Poland-Lithuania, a battle now commonly referred to as the Battle of Grunwald (after another nearby village).  
  	In 1514, Orsha was a much smaller town, home to a population of no more than 5,000 as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but on September 8 of that year, the normally quiet and unpretentious town was thrust into the world’s gaze when over 100,000 troops engaged in one of the 16th century’s biggest battles outside the town walls. The battle pitted the forces of the King of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania against the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

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  The Sun Also Rises

  Ernest Hemingway

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  The debut novel from the Nobel Prize-winning author that is both a tragic love story and a searing group portrait of hapless American expatriates drinking, dancing, and chasing their dreams in postwar Europe. 
  “An absorbingly beautiful and tenderly absurd, heart-breaking narrative ... It is a truly gripping story.” —The New York Times 
  Ernest Hemingway, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954, exerted a lasting influence on fiction in English through his economical prose style that conceals more than it reveals. His first novel, published in 1926, is narrated by world-weary journalist Jake Barnes, who is burdened by a wound acquired in World War I and by his utterly hopeless love for the flamboyantly decadent Lady Brett Ashley. The Sun Also Rises tracks the Lost Generation of the 1920s from the nightclubs of Paris to the bullfighting arenas of Spain

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  Israel's Forever War - Israel...

  Paul Moorcraft

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  No war in living memory has stirred up such anger, fear and loathing as the long-running Israel–Palestine conflict, and peace in the region has never seemed further away. The 7 October 2023 attack by Hamas on Israel had far-reaching and potentially devastating consequences for the Middle East and for the world. As the war has expanded to take in other players in the area, the future of Israel as a regional superpower is now in doubt and the chances of all-out war between Israel and its neighbours have become much greater.
  This essential work looks at the background to the Hamas–Israel war and asks whether the international system can contain two simultaneous wars in Europe and the Levant. It examines the wars that preceded this one, the rise of Hamas and the roles Hezbollah, Iran and Syria play in the conflict. Paul Moorcraft considers the war's impact on Israeli society, the economy and the Israel Defense Forces, while also looking at how media and propaganda shape our view of the war and how the conflict affects the whole region's relationships with the west.
  Here, Moorcraft brings all perspectives together in an expert and balanced analysis, examining the potential outcomes of the war and arguing that the two-state solution should be revived. Peace has never looked more impossible – but the alternative, a forever war, is even more impossible.

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