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  Spanish Empire in the Americas...

  Editors Charles River

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  By the time Christopher Columbus started setting east from the New World, he had explored San Salvador in the Bahamas (which he thought was Japan), Cuba (which he thought was China), and Hispaniola, the source of gold. As the common story goes, Columbus, en route back to Spain from his first journey, called in at Lisbon as a courtesy to brief the Portuguese King John II of his discovery of the New World. King John subsequently protested that according to the 1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas, which divided the Atlantic Ocean between Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence, the newly discovered lands rightly belonged to Portugal. To make clear the point, a Portuguese fleet was authorized and dispatched west from the Tagus to lay claim to the “Indies,” which prompted a flurry of diplomatic activity in the court of Ferdinand and Isabella. At the time, Spain lacked the naval power to prevent Portugal from acting on this threat, and the result was the hugely influential 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. 
  	The Treaty of Tordesillas was one of the most important documents of its kind of the age, for it established the essential parameters of the two competing empires, the first of the major European imperial entities. The Treaty of Tordesillas drew an imaginary line from pole to pole, running 100 leagues west of the westernmost islands of the Azores. According to the terms of a supporting papal bull, all the lands to the west of that belonged to Spain, and all of those to the east belonged to Portugal. What this meant in practical terms was that Portugal was given Africa and the Indian Ocean while Spain was granted all the lands to the west, including the Americas and the Caribbean, all collectively known as the “Indies,” or the New World. Perhaps inevitably, a regional rivalry had developed as the Portuguese began to establish a colony in Brazil and push its boundaries southwards. 

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  A Musical Tribute to Dr Martin...

  Raymond Sturgis

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  There is no audiobook on the market today that gives such a beautiful tribute to the lives of Dr. King and his wife Coretta Scott King. Raymond Sturgis is known for his artistry and music selling across the world where many authors have no such fans, this is a masterpiece. This book reminds the world that freedom is still in need of fighting for, due to the political hate from Republicans trying their best to strip Americans of their freedoms. Therefore, enjoy the message in this enormous tribute to civil rights and those who died and fought for civil liberties.

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  Bagavad Gita in Tamil - Chapter 6

  Viyasar

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  The Bhagavad Gita is a 700-verse Hindu scripture embedded within the epic Mahabharata, depicting a dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. Arjuna, facing his relatives in battle, experiences despair and a crisis of conscience. Krishna, his charioteer and an avatar of Vishnu, provides philosophical and spiritual guidance, addressing themes of duty (dharma), action (karma), devotion (bhakti), and knowledge (jnana). The Gita explores the nature of the self, the divine, and humanity's place in the world, offering paths to liberation and spiritual fulfillment. 

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  Hindsight - In Search of Lost...

  Jenna Watt

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  "Essential reading for lovers of the Great outdoors" —Roger Cox, Scotsman magazine 
   
   
   
  Longlisted for the 2022 Highland Book Prize 
   
   
   
  In 2019, Jenna Watt took part in the stalking of a hind on the vast Highland estate of Corrour: part of an immersive attempt to understand the ideas that lie behind 'rewilding', and what it means emotionally and physically to participate in Scotland's deer cull. Piece by piece and chapter by chapter she unravels the story of that one day spent hunting the hind, interlaced with her discovery that her ancestors were deer stalkers, game keepers, and ghillies on a Highland estate, who once took part in increasingly controversial land practices like muirburn and species persecution. 
   
   
   
  This exploration leads her into the complex and often conflict-ridden world of the rewilding movement. 
   
   
   
  In the process, Jenna comes to better understand the meaning of 'wildness', the shifting baselines of 'rewilding', and, in a world beset by climate change and species extinction, how to cope, both as an individual and as a society, with the concept of ecological grief.

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  A Cup of Tea on The Commode - My...

  Mark Steven Porro

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  Mark enjoyed his carefree bachelor’s life in Los Angeles. He had no steady girlfriend, no children, few responsibilities outside of work. But that all changed when “The Call” came. Genevieve, his eighty-nine-year-old mother, was on her deathbed. He rushed back to New Jersey to be by her side. Hours became days, days became weeks, then she woke up. So, he moved back into his childhood home and took over her care. His first task was to remove all hazards, which included the current caregivers. 
   
  After, Mark asked his mother, “Do you trust me?” She whispered, “Yes.” “Do you understand I will do everything in my power to keep you healthy and safe?” She smiled and nodded. “That means I’m in charge, and that means now you must obey me.” Her mood shifted in an instant. She looked him dead in the eye, then puckered up her lips. He wasn’t sure if this was a sign of surrender or one wishing him luck. He kissed her and hoped for the best. 
   
  The parent/child role reversal may not have been unique to Mark, but how he dealt with it was. One day, hoping to make Genevieve’s time on the commode a tad more pleasant, he offered her a cup of her favorite beverage. It was a hit, and a cup of tea on the commode became a staple on the morning menu, and the clear choice for the title of this intimate, funny, and heartwarming memoir of how eldercare can be done. 
   
  A Cup of Tea on the Commode chronicles Mark’s multitasking adventures of filling his mother’s last years with love, laughter, and joy. Though not always successful, he came pretty damn close.

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  Handsome Lake: The Life and...

  Editors Charles River

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  The name "Iroquois", like many Native American tribal names, is not a name the people knew themselves by, but a word applied to them by their enemies the Huron, who called them “Iroquo” (rattlesnake) as an insult. The French later added the suffix “ois.” Moreover, the Iroquois are not even a single tribe but a confederation of several different tribal nations that include the Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Mohawk, Cayuga and the Tuscarora, who didn’t become part of the union until the early 1700’s. The name Haudenosaunee (pronounced “ho-den-oh-SHO-nee”) is the name the people use for themselves, which translates as “the People of the Longhouse.” They are also commonly known as the Six Nations. 
  	Despite their own cultural differences, the nations that comprised the Iroquois Confederacy established their political dominance across much of America’s East Coast and Midwest through conquest, and it is that aspect which has perhaps best endured among Americans in terms of the Iroquois’ legacy. European settlers who came into contact with the Mohawks in the Northeast certainly learned to respect their combat skills, to the point that there were literally bounties on the Mohawks’ heads, with scalps fetching money for colonists who succeeded in slaying them and carrying away the “battle prize”. 
  	Handsome Lake (1735-1815) lived through the confederacy’s most turbulent time. His long life started when the Iroquois were powerful and widely feared and respected by all the tribal peoples in the region, and also by the French and the British. He lived through wars, some victories and some defeats, as well as the disunity and the collapse of traditional ways. Handsome Lake experienced his visions late in his life, at a time when the Six Nations, and his own life, were at their nadir.

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