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  The Chinese Great Leap Forward...

  Sarah Willards

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  The origins of the Great Leap Forward are deeply rooted in the political ambition and ideological vision of Mao Zedong, the founding leader of the People’s Republic of China. Following the success of the Communist revolution in 1949, Mao sought not only to rebuild a war-torn nation but to rapidly transform it into a socialist utopia capable of rivaling the industrial powers of the West. By the mid-1950s, China had already launched its First Five-Year Plan, modeled after the Soviet approach to centralized economic planning. Encouraged by early gains in heavy industry, Mao envisioned a second phase of development that would leap over traditional stages of economic growth. 
  At the heart of this vision was a push for mass mobilization. Mao believed that the sheer size of China's population could be harnessed as a revolutionary force capable of achieving miraculous feats. The Great Leap Forward, initiated in 1958, was designed to propel China into a modern communist society by emphasizing agricultural collectivization and rural industrialization simultaneously. Rather than relying on expert knowledge or slow-paced industrial planning, Mao favored decentralized enthusiasm and ideological commitment, trusting that the collective will of the people would overcome any technical limitations. 
  One of the most radical elements of this plan was the establishment of people’s communes, which replaced the traditional family unit and private farming with large-scale collective labor. Households were merged into communes comprising thousands of individuals, who would eat, sleep, and work under strict communal arrangements. The idea was to increase efficiency and free up labor for industrial production, especially in rural areas where backyard furnaces were set up to produce steel. This was accompanied by an aggressive campaign to eliminate what were seen as capitalist tendencies, including private plots and individual incentives.

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  Nationalized Politics -...

  Jamie L. Carson, Ryan D....

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  In the United States, politics has become increasingly nationalized in recent years as voter decision-making is now driven by partisan or national political forces rather than the attributes of individual candidates. Indeed, voters now seem more concerned with which of the two national parties will be in power across all levels of government as opposed to which candidate will represent them individually. 
   
   
   
  Nationalized Politics asks and answers the question, "how has nationalization influenced elections across different political eras?" Jamie L. Carson, Joel Sievert, and Ryan D. Williamson look at historical variation in nationalization through an analysis of congressional elections from 1840 to 2020. By examining roughly 180 years of elections, the authors leverage considerable differences in electoral competition, electoral rules, nationalization, polarization, and partisan advantage via the incumbency advantage. Moreover, Carson, Sievert, and Williamson employ a unique survey design to capture citizen attitudes toward the nationalization of politics to further consider the question of how nationalization is currently shaping politics. Providing a comprehensive history of US congressional elections, Nationalized Politics illustrates the roots of the current electoral landscape in the US.

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  Taken by His Wife's Big Brother...

  Jane Fox

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  When Jack goes to visit his brother-in-law's house, he gets more than he bargained for. Sam is a big, hulking guy with a wife named Tiffany, and they've been playing around with guys on tape. Sam makes Jack a simple offer: If he wants to get with Tiffany, he'll have to let Sam have his way with him first. Will Jack give in to this bisexual seduction?

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  China - Fragile Superpower

  Susan L. Shirk

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  Susan L. Shirk, a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State responsible for China, knows many of today's Chinese rulers personally and has studied them for three decades. She offers invaluable insight into how they think—and what they fear. In this revealing book, you will see the world through the eyes of men like President Hu Jintao and former President Jiang Zemin. We discover a fragile communist regime desperate to survive in a society turned upside down by miraculous economic growth and a stunning new openness to the greater world. Theirs is a regime afraid of its own citizens, and this fear motivates many of their decisions when dealing with the US and other foreign nations. In particular, the fervent nationalism of the Chinese people, combined with their passionate resentment of Japan, and attachment to Taiwan, have made relations with these two regions a minefield. It is here, Shirk concludes, in the tangled interactions between Japan, Taiwan, China, and the United States, that the greatest danger lies. 
   
   
   
  Shirk argues that rising powers such as China tend to provoke wars in large part because other countries mishandle them. Unless we understand China's brittle internal politics and the fears that motivate its leaders, we face the very real possibility of avoidable conflict with China.

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  84-19 Rhapsodies & co from I -...

  Docteur Cybirdy

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  84-19 Rhapsodies & Co from I is naming and shaming world leaders, casting light on post- genomic science, and highlighting the main triggers of the inhuman aspect of the Covid era. With courage and inspired by the fate of Julia and Winston in George Orwell 1984, Docteur Cybirdy reveals through poetry her thoughts and intimate beliefs, prompting an urgent review of the role of post-genomic science in today’s world while instilling hope for a peaceful and serene future for humanity.

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  Banished from Johnstown - Racist...

  Cody McDevitt, Tony Norman

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  Author and journalist Cody McDevitt tells the story of one of the worst civil rights injustices in Western Pennsylvania history. 
   
   
   
  In 1923, in response to the fatal shooting of four policemen, the mayor of Johnstown ordered every African American and Mexican immigrant who had lived in the city for less than seven years to leave. They were given less than a day to move or would face crippling fines or jail time and were forced out at gunpoint. An estimated two thousand people uprooted their lives in response to the racist edict. Area Ku Klux Klan members celebrated the creation of a "sundown town" and increased their own intimidation practices. Figures such as Marcus Garvey spoke out in Pittsburgh against it as newspapers throughout the country published condemnations.

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