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  The Tu Quoque Fallacy -...

  William Rands

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  The Tu Quoque fallacy, often referred to as the "appeal to hypocrisy," is a form of argumentation where an individual deflects criticism by accusing the accuser of the same flaw or wrongdoing. Instead of addressing the substance of the criticism, the person making this fallacious argument focuses on the accuser’s behavior, thereby shifting the attention away from the original issue. This technique is often employed to avoid dealing with uncomfortable truths and to undermine the credibility of the person making the accusation. While the Tu Quoque fallacy may seem like a valid rebuttal in certain situations, it is inherently flawed because it does not address the merit of the argument but instead aims to discredit the opponent by pointing out their perceived hypocrisy. 
  The term "Tu Quoque" is derived from Latin, meaning "you too" or "you also." It is a logical misstep in which the argument shifts from the issue at hand to the behavior or actions of the accuser. For example, if person A criticizes person B for smoking, and person B responds by saying, "But you smoke too," this response deflects the criticism without actually addressing the harmful effects of smoking. By focusing on the accuser's actions, the fallacy diverts attention from the original point and diminishes the potential for meaningful discussion. 
  This fallacy is common in many aspects of modern discourse, particularly in political debates, social media discussions, and even in personal relationships. In public debates, individuals or groups may use the Tu Quoque fallacy to avoid engaging with difficult questions, redirecting the conversation toward the alleged hypocrisy of their opponents rather than addressing the real issues. In personal relationships, it may appear as a defensive reaction to avoid taking responsibility for one's actions or mistakes.

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  Simple Montenegrin - A Language...

  Marko Stanković

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  This 10 session course provides an introduction to the language of Montenegro. A broad range of topics is covered during this course starting out with basic greetings and answers to questions and then progressing to full sentence structures based on previously learned vocabulary later in the course.Montenegrin is a South Slavic language, closely related to Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian. Historically, these languages were collectively referred to as Serbo-Croatian, a designation that covered the similar dialects spoken across much of the former Yugoslavia. Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s and Montenegro’s independence in 2006, Montenegrin was officially recognized as a distinct language.The language's origins are deeply rooted in the medieval era, with Old Church Slavonic serving as a foundational influence on Montenegrin and other South Slavic languages. Over time, regional dialects and external influences from neighboring countries shaped the modern form of Montenegrin, differentiating it from Serbian and Croatian in pronunciation, vocabulary, and certain grammatical structures. While Montenegrin shares much of its grammar and vocabulary with Serbian, it includes specific phonetic features, such as the distinct pronunciation of the letters 'ś' and 'ź,' which are not present in other variants.Montenegrin is predominantly spoken in Montenegro, a small but culturally rich country in southeastern Europe, with around 250,000 native speakers. It is the official language of Montenegro, though Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian, and Albanian are also widely spoken due to the country’s diverse population. Montenegrin is written in both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts, reflecting its historical ties to both Eastern Orthodox and Western Christian cultural spheres.Montenegrin is employed in all areas of public life in Montenegro, including education, media, and government. The language plays a crucial role in the country’s national identity.

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  Language Courses for Beginners...

  NeoAudio

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  Learn Japanese - The course contains 50 practical lessons, including dialogue to listen to and exercises to repeat. These topics are covered, along with others:
  - Greeting and understanding
  - Asking for directions
  - Shopping
  - Airports and customs
  - At the hotel
  - At restaurants
  - Paying a bill
  - Taking a taxi, car, train, or bus
  - Doctor, pharmacy, police
  - Phone calls
  - Asking questions
  - Numbers and colours
  - Personal pronouns and verbs
  - Giving the time, weather, body parts
  - Meals, eating and drinking
  - School and university
  - Family and hobbies
  You should listen to the course more than once in order to remember what you have learned.

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  Tagalog for Young Learners

  Kris Navarro

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  This audio course is tailored to help children learn basic Tagalog phrases, allowing them to communicate more easily with their grandparents and connect with their Filipino heritage. Tagalog, the basis of the Filipino national language, is widely spoken in the Philippines and among Filipino communities around the world. In this course, children will practice essential everyday phrases, from greetings to sharing stories and expressing affection, enabling them to hold simple conversations with their grandparents. Through interactive lessons, children will become more confident in speaking Tagalog and will be able to bridge the language gap with their elders. In addition to enhancing their communication skills, this course fosters a deeper understanding of Filipino culture and traditions, helping children feel a stronger connection to their roots while learning to navigate meaningful family conversations.

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  Secrets of Memory and...

  Orson Merrick

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  Secrets of Memory and Imagination Unleashed 
  ⭐⭐ A Simplified Guide & Explanations Included ⭐⭐ 
  Are you eager to elevate your career and enhance your knowledge by mastering the art of transformative storytelling techniques? 
  Do you need a thorough resource that encapsulates everything you need to harness these powerful methods? 
  Your quest ends here! 
  This guide is your ultimate partner for deepening your understanding, applying your skills, and engaging in practical exercises. With this aid, you’ll be well-prepared for success. 
  Updated with the latest techniques and insights. 
  Key features of this enriched guide: 
  - In-depth insights into transformative storytelling techniques 
  - Comprehensive explanations of narrative structures and elements 
  - Effective strategies for mastering storytelling and application 
  Our guide stands out through its thorough coverage, which is essential for your success. Concepts are explored in detail, ensuring clarity and understanding. 
  Please note that this guide is an independent resource and not affiliated with any official organization. 
  Built with a clear framework and easy-to-follow language, our guide on storytelling techniques guarantees smooth transitions between subjects. Say goodbye to complicated language and embrace clear, concise, and technically sound content. 
  So, why hesitate? Click the BUY NOW button, secure your guide, and embark on your journey to mastering the art of storytelling! 
  Unlock your potential through the art of storytelling today!

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  A Language Learner's Guide to...

  Dana Levina

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  Unlock the hidden rhythms of Russian conversation with A Language Learner’s Guide to Russian Idioms, narrated by Ernest Timkin and crafted by linguist Dana Levina. This audiobook isn’t just about memorizing phrases—it’s a cultural passport, revealing how Russians weave humor, history, and wisdom into everyday speech. Imagine transforming awkward pauses into confident exchanges by knowing when to say someone’s “counting crows” (считать ворон) instead of daydreaming, or calling out empty promises as “noodles hung on ears” (вешать лапшу на уши). Whether you’re a traveler aiming to navigate local markets without getting “led by the nose” (водить за нос), a student tired of “thumbing wooden blocks” (бить баклуши) instead of studying, or a professional striving to “take the bull by the horns” (брать быка за рога) in meetings, these idioms bridge the gap between textbook Russian and authentic dialogue. Each expression unfolds with vivid context: Learn why “walking on heels” (ходить по пятам) means relentless pursuit, how “sitting on needles” (сидеть как на иголках) captures nail-biting anxiety, and when to “keep your ear sharp” (держать ухо востро) in tricky situations. Perfect for learners craving cultural fluency, this guide turns idioms from curiosities into tools, helping you decode films, literature, and casual chats with ease. Dive in—before you know it, you’ll be swapping stale translations for phrases that make Russians lean in and smile. Удачи! (Good luck!)

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