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  The Roman Empire and Byzantine...

  Charles River Editors

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  For the people of the ancient Mediterranean and beyond, the city of Rome had been a symbol of power for centuries, and entering the early 5th century CE, the Eternal City hadn’t been taken by an enemy force since the Gauls had done it about 800 years earlier, an unheard of period of tranquility in a world wracked with almost constant warfare. 
  Thus, when the Visigoths, whom the Romans considered uncultured and inferior, took the city of Rome and sacked it in 410, the world was stunned. It made theologians of the newly Christianized empire question God’s plan on Earth, and it encouraged many leading Romans to look east to Constantinople for their future. Indeed, the Western Roman Empire would completely collapse in the late 5th century, less than 70 years after the Visigoths sacked Rome, and just how it went from being a superpower to a poorly led, weak, and vulnerable shadow of its former self has preoccupied historians for centuries. 
  To this day, it remains difficult to trace just when the decline began, but it’s fair to say that the sack of Rome was the result of a number of factors that had been coalescing for many years. In the end, the fall of the Roman Empire was not a tale of cataclysmic events that shattered the sprawling power, but the culmination of centuries of internal dissent and decay, combined with growing external threats that led to gradual decline and eventually to the empire’s final destruction.  
  In terms of geopolitics, perhaps the most seminal event of the Middle Ages was the successful Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453. The city had been an imperial capital as far back as the 4th century, when Constantine the Great shifted the power center of the Roman Empire there, effectively establishing two almost equally powerful halves of antiquity’s greatest empire. Constantinople would continue to serve as the capital of the Byzantine Empire even after the Western half of the Roman Empire collapsed.

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  Leading Maths - The essential...

  Peter Mattock

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  Leading maths at any school is a unique challenge and comes with pressures not experienced in many other subject areas. The relatively abstract nature of the subject content, combined with the contrasting societal and parental attitudes to mathematics, can complicate communication and stifle progress. Most pupils and parents will recognise the importance of maths but many feel it's perfectly acceptable to be "no good" at it. Leading maths in schools is about managing these contradictions and getting the very best out of every teacher and pupil.
  Offering a fresh perspective and practical strategies for maths teachers and leaders at any level, Leading Mathsexplores how to make the most of a maths leadership role and manage the daily pressures and demands that come with it. Backed up by specific examples from fifteen years of experience leading maths, Peter Mattock goes on to examine the more long-term, strategic view of maths leadership, including how leaders can work with their teams to develop high quality mathematics teaching and learning for all pupils.
  The book covers day-to-day issues that arise when leading maths, in particular results and accountability, as well as difficult situations more generally. It offers useful takeaways at the end of each chapter, with a summary of key points and advice from the chapter. Leading Maths explores how to manage an inspection, developing improvement plans and the appraisal process, before touching on taking maths leadership beyond one specific school and into system leadership.
  In addition to Peter's insight, Leading Maths also contains contributions from other experienced maths practitioners, including Becky Lawrence, Jemma Sherwood, Rhiannon Rainbow and Dave Tushingham. Becky examines some of the specific approaches to leading primary maths, whilst Jemma does the same from her perspective as a maths lead across a large multi-academy trust. Rhiannon and Dave then go on to discuss how to manage significant change from their experience of adapting curriculum and CPD during the COVID pandemic - including the beginnings of their (now famous) book club.
  An essential guide for current, new, or aspiring maths leaders.
   

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  Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee -...

  Harry Montgomery

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  The history of the American West is woven with the stories of lands that were once home to indigenous peoples whose lives were irrevocably transformed by the arrival of European settlers. The beginning of this contact was marked by curiosity, fear, and misunderstanding, as both sides struggled to comprehend the profound differences in their cultures and ways of life. Initially, this period was characterized by cautious encounters where indigenous communities and the newcomers exchanged gifts, ideas, and sometimes even skills. However, as explorers, traders, and missionaries increasingly set foot in native territories, the dynamics began to shift dramatically. 
  For many Native tribes, these early interactions brought both opportunity and challenge. The appearance of strangers from across the vast and mysterious ocean introduced new technologies and worldviews that were entirely foreign to the indigenous people. The initial exchange was not always violent, yet it set in motion a gradual process of disruption. Encounters with the newcomers soon revealed differences in attitudes toward land ownership and resource management. Where Native tribes had long held a spiritual connection to the land, considering it a shared, communal resource, European settlers arrived with the concept of individual property rights, leading to disputes and tensions that would only grow over time. 
  As the settlers journeyed further into the heart of the West, their presence ignited both awe and anxiety among the Native populations. The natural beauty and abundance of the land captured the imaginations of many settlers, yet it also raised concerns among indigenous communities about the lasting impact on the ecosystems and the delicate balance that had sustained them for generations.

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  1919 Irish War of Independence

  Legends of War

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  In the years after the Easter Rising of 1916 in Ireland, a new independence movement had emerged, and in 1918-19 the political party Sinn Féin and its paramilitary partner, the Irish Republican Army, began a political struggle and an armed uprising against British rule. By 1922 the United Kingdom had lost a very substantial portion of its territory, as the Irish Free State came into being amid a brutal civil war. At the same time Ireland was partitioned and a new, unionist government was established in what was now Northern Ireland.

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  Transformative Horizons -...

  Nova Wilde

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  Whether you are an educator, a student, a parent, or simply a curious mind, "Transformative Horizons: Exploring the Future of Online Education" offers a compelling vision of how digital learning is reshaping our world. Embrace the possibilities, challenge the status quo, and join the conversation about the future of education.

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  The Subversive Seventies

  Michael Hardt

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  In The Subversive Seventies, Michael Hardt sets out to show that popular understandings of the political movements of the seventies—often seen as fractious, violent, and largely unsuccessful—are not just inaccurate, but foreclose valuable lessons for the political struggles of today. While many accounts of the 1970s have been written about the regimes of domination that emerged throughout the decade, Hardt approaches the subversive from the perspectives of those who sought to undermine the base of established authority and transform the fundamental structures of society. In so doing, he provides a novel account of the theoretical and practical projects of liberation that still speak to us today, too many of which have been all but forgotten. 
   
   
   
  The movements of the seventies responded directly to emerging neoliberal frameworks and other structures of power that continue to rule over us today. They identified and confronted political problems that remain central for us. The 1970s, in this sense, marks the beginning of our time. Looking at a wide range of movements around the globe, from the United States, to Guinea Bissau, South Korea, Chile, Turkey, and Italy, The Subversive Seventies provides a reassessment of the political action of the 1970s that sheds new light not only on our revolutionary past but also on what liberation can be and do today.

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