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  British and French Mandates in...

  Editors Charles River

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  The United Nations is one of the most famous bodies in the world, and its predecessor, the League of Nations, might be equally notorious. In fact, President Woodrow Wilson’s pet project was controversial from nearly the minute it was conceived. At the end of World War I, Wilson's pleas at the Paris Peace Conference relied on his Fourteen Points, which included the establishment of a League of Nations, but while his points were mostly popular amongst Americans and Europeans alike, leaders at the Peace Conference largely discarded them and favored different approaches. British leaders saw their singular aim as the maintenance of British colonial possessions. France, meanwhile, only wanted to ensure that Germany was weakened and unable to wage war again, and it too had colonial interests abroad that it hoped to maintain. Britain and France thus saw eye-to-eye, with both wanting a weaker Germany and both wanting to maintain their colonies. Wilson, however, wanted both countries to rid themselves of their colonies, and he wanted Germany to maintain its self-determination and right to self-defense. Wilson totally opposed the “war guilt” clause, which blamed the war on Germany. 
  	One of the League’s most lasting legacies was the manner in which it handed over administrative control of land in the Middle East to the victorious Allied Powers, namely France and Britain. The Ottoman Empire quickly collapsed after World War I, and its extensive lands were divvied up between the French and British. The intention of the mandate system was to have the administrators peacefully and gradually usher in independent states, and both European powers eventually attempted to withdraw from the region, but anyone with passing knowledge of the Middle East’s history in the late 20th century knows that the region has seen little peace.

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  Aceh War The: The History of the...

  Editors Charles River

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  During the 17th century, the Netherlands, despite having only 1.5 million people in 1600, became a global maritime and trading power. By contrast, France at the time had 20 million people, Spain had 8 million, and England had 5 million. Nevertheless, Amsterdam became one of the most important urban centers in the world and the location of the world’s first stock market, and Dutch merchant ships and pirates plied the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. The Dutch acquired colonies in the East Indies, where they seized control of the spice trade from the Portuguese, and in the West Indies, they acquired a number of islands from the Spanish (several of which are still Dutch today). They became the only Westerners who were allowed to trade with Shogunate Japan from a small island next to Nagasaki, and they settled the town that ultimately became New York City. Naturally, all of this imperialism generated enormous amounts of wealth that flowed into the Netherlands. 
  	Naturally, not everybody welcomed the Europeans, and some of the fiercest opposition came from the Sultanate of Aceh. Aceh is now a part of Indonesia, but the people have stubbornly maintained a unique sense of self-identity based on a quite distinct and separate history. Once a major political and military power in the Indian Ocean, its power gradually declined over a period of several centuries, but Aceh successfully maintained its independence until 1873, when the Dutch invaded. The war between the Dutch and the Acehnese was the longest and bloodiest of the many Dutch military campaigns in Indonesia. Even after the Dutch technically subdued them, insurgency campaigns would last well into the 20th century, and sporadic fighting was still ongoing as the Japanese pushed across the Pacific in the 1930s and 1940s. 

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  Outsourcing Duty - The Moral...

  Bradley J. Strawser, Michael J....

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  Are contemporary soldiers exploited by the state and society that they defend? More specifically, have America's professional service members disproportionately carried the moral weight of America's war-fighting decisions since the inception of an all-volunteer force? In this volume, Michael J. Robillard and Bradley J. Strawser examine the question of whether and how American soldiers have been exploited in this way. 
   
   
   
  Robillard and Strawser offer an original theory of "moral exploitation"—the notion that persons or groups can be wrongfully exploited by being made to shoulder an excessive amount of moral weight. They make the case that this exploitation accurately describes the relationship between the United States and the members of its military, and offer an in-depth analysis of some of the exploitative and misleading elements of present-day military recruitment, the moral burdens soldiers often bear, and the stifling effect that a "Thank You for Your Service" and "I support the troops" culture has had on serious public engagement about America's ongoing wars. Robillard and Strawser offer a critique of the pernicious divide between military members and the civilians who direct them. They conclude by arguing for several normative and prudential prescriptions to help close this ever-widening fissure between the US and its military, and within the US itself.

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  Emotional Mastery - Unlock Your...

  Winston Young

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  Unlock the full potential of your emotional intelligence with "Emotional Mastery: Unlock Your Emotional Intelligence for Personal Growth, Relationship Success, and Professional Achievement." This transformative self-help guide is designed to empower you with the tools and insights needed to master your emotions, build stronger relationships, and achieve your goals. 
  In "Emotional Mastery," you’ll discover:Self-Awareness Techniques: Uncover strategies to better understand and manage your emotions, leading to improved decision-making and personal growth.Emotional Regulation Strategies: Master the art of controlling and balancing your emotions to respond to challenges with poise and resilience.Empathy Development: Enhance your ability to connect deeply with others, fostering more meaningful and fulfilling relationships.Conflict Resolution Skills: Learn effective techniques for navigating and resolving conflicts constructively, strengthening both personal and professional interactions.Relationship Management: Explore methods to maintain healthy, balanced relationships while avoiding burnout and creating lasting connections. 
  Filled with compelling stories, research-backed insights, and practical exercises, "Emotional Mastery" offers a roadmap to achieving emotional resilience and success in all areas of your life. Whether you’re looking to enhance your personal relationships, advance your career, or simply gain greater self-understanding, this book provides the essential tools for emotional growth and transformation.

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  Marco Polo: A short biography -...

  5 Minutes, 5 Minute Biographies,...

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  Marco Polo, first European traveler in Asia: Life and work in a short biography! Everything you need to know, brief and concise. Infotainment, education and entertainment at its best!

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  Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath The...

  Bright Summaries

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  Unlock the more straightforward side of The Bell Jar with this concise and insightful summary and analysis!This engaging summary presents an analysis of The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, a semi-autobiographical novel which follows Esther Greenwood, a young woman who is undertaking an internship in New York when her mental health begins to decline, leading to stays in a series of psychiatric institutions. The novel is semi-autobiographical: Plath's own struggles with depression are well-documented, and she underwent electroconvulsive therapy as part of her "treatment". The Bell Jar is widely admired for its unsparing depiction of the paranoia, stifling conformism and gender inequality that characterised America during the 1950s, and its popularity has not waned in the decades since it was first published. Sylvia Plath was an American novelist and poet. Her best-known works are The Bell Jar and the poetry collection Ariel, which was published posthumously in 1965 (Plath committed suicide in 1963).Find out everything you need to know about The Bell Jar in a fraction of the time!This in-depth and informative reading guide brings you:• A complete plot summary• Character studies• Key themes and symbols• Questions for further reflectionWhy choose BrightSummaries.com?Available in print and digital format, our publications are designed to accompany you on your reading journey. The clear and concise style makes for easy understanding, providing the perfect opportunity to improve your literary knowledge in no time.See the very best of literature in a whole new light with BrightSummaries.com!

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