Publisher: IRENA
This report presents key findings and recommendations that are broadly relevant to Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as to stakeholders attempting to improve their planning processes across the world.
Shigellosis is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the Shigella species, which primarily affects the intestines and leads to symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps. The disease spreads easily through direct person-to-person contact, contaminated food and water, or poor hygiene practices. It is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries where sanitation infrastructure is inadequate. However, outbreaks also occur in more developed regions, especially in crowded environments such as schools, daycare centers, and nursing homes. Understanding the nature of Shigella, its transmission routes, and its global impact is essential in addressing and preventing the spread of the disease. The Shigella genus consists of four major species: Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, and Shigella sonnei. Each of these species is associated with varying degrees of illness severity, with Shigella dysenteriae being the most severe due to its production of the Shiga toxin. Shigella sonnei is the most common cause of infection in industrialized nations, while Shigella flexneri is more prevalent in developing regions. These bacteria invade the cells lining the intestines, leading to inflammation, ulcers, and severe diarrhea that may contain blood or mucus. Because Shigella is highly resistant to stomach acid, only a small number of bacteria—sometimes fewer than 100—are needed to cause an infection. The primary mode of transmission for Shigella is the fecal-oral route. This means that infection occurs when an individual ingests even a tiny amount of contaminated fecal matter. Poor hand hygiene, inadequate sanitation, and the consumption of contaminated food or water are key contributors to outbreaks.Show book
"Autonomous Systems Guide: Design, Implementation, and Innovation in Next-Generation Autonomous Technologies" is a comprehensive resource for anyone looking to understand, design, and deploy autonomous systems across various industries. From self-driving cars to intelligent drones and AI-powered software, this book delves into the cutting-edge technologies driving autonomy in the modern world. Starting with the foundational concepts, the guide explores the history, evolution, and core principles of autonomous systems. It then provides detailed insights into the design and architecture of these systems, covering essential components such as sensors, perception systems, data processing, and decision-making algorithms. Practical chapters on implementation offer step-by-step guidance on building, testing, and deploying autonomous systems, emphasizing the importance of safety, reliability, and scalability. The book also highlights innovative advancements, including the role of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and edge computing in enhancing autonomy. Real-world case studies showcase successful applications across industries, from transportation and logistics to healthcare and manufacturing. Tis guide equips you with the knowledge and tools to navigate the rapidly evolving landscape of autonomous technologies and contribute to the next wave of innovation.Show book
Dark matter is one of the most perplexing and elusive concepts in modern astrophysics. It was first proposed in the early 20th century when astronomers and physicists observed that galaxies and galaxy clusters seemed to be moving in ways that couldn't be explained by the visible matter alone. Despite the fact that dark matter cannot be directly seen or measured through conventional means, its existence has been inferred through its gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation, and the large-scale structure of the universe. The concept of dark matter emerged after astronomer Fritz Zwicky made an important observation in the 1930s. He noticed that galaxy clusters were moving much faster than they should have been based on the amount of visible matter present in them. In other words, there seemed to be an invisible force or substance that was exerting additional gravitational pull on these galaxies. However, it wasn't until the 1970s when Vera Rubin made similar findings in her studies of galactic rotation curves that the theory of dark matter gained significant traction. Rubin's work revealed that the outer edges of galaxies were rotating faster than expected, based on the amount of visible matter present in them. If only the visible stars, gas, and dust were taken into account, the outer regions should have been moving slower, but they weren't. This discrepancy suggested that there was more mass in these galaxies than what could be seen. This unseen mass was later attributed to dark matter, a substance that doesn't emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it undetectable by conventional instruments.Show book
Are you afraid of flying? Does the thought of getting on a plane fill you with dread? End your fear today with DST Hypno and Stu Newman. With years of experience in hypnosis, Stu Newman is an expert in helping people overcome their fears. The self-hypnosis program offered by DST Hypno can help to reduce stress and anxiety associated with flying, allowing you to enjoy your time away without any fear or worry. Plus, the program is easy to use and affordable - so why not give it a try today? Don't let fear control your life - take back control now!Show book
Your Definitive Path to Mastering Cloud Architecture Skills and Conquering the SAA-C03 Exam. Book Description The AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate SAA-C03 credential boosts career prospects and salaries, with 73% of professionals seeing job improvements and a 26% salary increase. The Ultimate AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate (SAA-C03) Certification Guide equips you with the knowledge to master AWS architecture, from core services to advanced topics like serverless computing and machine learning, with practical examples and expert insights that are crucial for passing the exam and excelling in real-world applications. This book not only covers the fundamentals but also explores advanced topics like serverless computing, containers, and machine learning. Each chapter is packed with practical examples, real-world scenarios, hands-on exercises, and expert insights that will build your confidence and competence as a cloud architect. With this guide, you will gain the knowledge and skills needed to create highly available, fault-tolerant architectures that meet the demands of today’s dynamic cloud environments. Whether you are aiming to pass the AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate exam or looking to enhance your cloud architecture skills, this book is your gateway to success. Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Cloud Computing, AWS, and AWS SAA C-03 2. Identity and Access Management in AWS 3. Networking in AWS 4. Cloud Storage 5. Deep-Dive into AWS Compute 6. Deep Dive Into AWS Databases 7. AWS Application Services 8. AWS Management and Governance Services 9. AWS Cloud Security 10. Cloud Architecture and AWS Framework 11. AWS SAA C-03 Certification Preparation IndexShow book
Embark on a journey into the realm of language model development with LLM, OpenAI, Llama 2. This comprehensive guide navigates you through the intricacies of creating custom language models for diverse applications. Begin with the foundational knowledge in natural language processing and learn to select the right framework for your project. Explore the nuances of data collection and preprocessing, delve into model architecture design, and master the art of training and fine-tuning. Evaluate your language model's prowess using metrics and validation techniques before taking the leap into deployment. Tailor your model for specific use cases, navigate ethical considerations, and optimize performance and efficiency. Gain insights into popular large language models and seamlessly integrate your creation with various applications. Scale up with distributed training, ensuring continuous improvement and maintenance. Discover the world of OpenAI APIs, from text generation with GPT models to building chat applications and content summarization. Dive into the revolutionary Lama 2, unraveling its key features, training methodologies, and applications in natural language processing. Compare close and open-source LLMs, explore the research paper behind Lama 2, and unveil the diversity within its models. Fine-tune Lama 2 for specific tasks, deploy locally with Ollama, and solve real-world problems with its powerful capabilities. Expand possibilities with Lama 2 plugins and navigate the challenges and limitations it presents. Navigate ethical considerations in Lama 2 usage, encapsulating a holistic understanding of this cutting-edge language model. With practical case studies and project examples, stay ahead of future trends and innovations in language model development.Show book
