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  The Shame Complex

  Brittany Forrester

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  Shame is a notoriously unpleasant emotion that almost all of us have experienced at least once in our lifetimes. Almost everyone knows what the feeling of shame is like. However, we are reluctant to disclose our shameful experiences. It is often mentioned that shame is a taboo subject. Ironically, we are ashamed of our shame. It seems much easier to say ‚I am angry/sad/nervous? than to say ‚I am sorry.” Rather than finding it liberating, there is an assumption that talking about shame is demeaning or a sign of weakness. Therefore, until recently, there has been a shortage of research, understanding, and knowledge about shame to the extent that shame and similar emotions, such as guilt, are used interchangeably in the literature. Since shame appears present in a wide variety of psychological disorders and is associated with mental health problems such as depression, social phobia, and eating disorders, it is necessary to extend our knowledge in this area and become well-equipped to deal with it their shame. The current shame theorists suggest shame is one of the so-called self-conscious emotions because it mainly involves evaluating the self. A scandal is believed to be an incapacitating emotion accompanied by the feeling of being small, inferior, and shrinking. The self, as a whole, is devalued and considered to be inadequate, incompetent, and worthless. Shame might also involve being exposed, condemned, and ridiculed.Unlike basic emotions, shame does not seem to have distinctive universal facial expressions. It is not experienced similarly in different cultures. Emotions such as shame, pride, guilt, embarrassment, envy, empathy, and jealousy are associated with a sense of self and self-awareness; hence, they belong to a family of self-conscious emotions. To experience shame, individuals need the ability to form self-representations, internalize external values, and compare and evaluate themselves. Therefore, guilt is not experienced in species with lower cognitiv

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  A Rare Recording of BF Skinner

  B.F. Skinner

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  B.F. Skinner (March 20, 1904 - August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. Considering free will to be an illusion, Skinner saw human action as dependent on consequences of previous actions, a theory he would articulate as the principle of reinforcement: If the consequences to an action are bad, there is a high chance the action will not be repeated; if the consequences are good, the probability of the action being repeated becomes stronger. Contemporary academia considers Skinner, along with John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov, a pioneer of modern behaviorism. The following speech was recorded in 1990, shortly before his death.

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  Ancient Egypt’s Most Important...

  Charles River Editors

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  Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of ancient Egyptian civilization was its inception from the ground up, as the ancient Egyptians had no prior civilization which they could use as a template. In fact, ancient Egypt itself became a template for the civilizations that followed.  
  One of the primary reasons why modern scholars know so much about Egyptian history is due to many monuments found up and down the Nile. Although some of the tombs built on the west bank of the Nile River have suffered a fair amount of wind damage and all of the great monuments have endured the ravages of time, they are amazingly well-preserved, thanks both to Egypt’s arid climate and good workmanship. The Egyptian monument builders were truly a class above their contemporaries in terms of their trade, which was helped by the fact that they worked with the more permanent materials of sandstone and limestone, unlike Mesopotamian builders who were forced to primarily work with mud and brick.  
  In ancient Egypt, cities held political and religious significance, which meant that if the political or religious tides changed, so too could the fortunes of particular cities. Memphis is perhaps the best known of ancient Egypt’s cities because it was fortunate enough to be the political capital of the Egyptian state for most of its history. Hundreds of miles to Memphis’ south, Thebes became an important city during the Middle Kingdom and its stature grew during the New Kingdom when many of the pharaohs came from there and the national god, Amun, had its cult center in the city. Other cities, such as Tanis and Sais, were important for much shorter periods in Egyptian history. The city of Abju, which was known as Abydus to the Greeks, and later became known simply as “Abydos” had a history that was as long as Memphis’, and although its influence on pharaonic culture may not have been as apparent, it was no less profound.

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  Alexander the Great: An...

  Billy Wellman

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  Did you know that Alexander the Great once introduced proskynesis to the Macedonian court? 
  Proskynesis, the act of kissing the ground or the feet of someone of higher rank, was a normal custom of the Persians. In the court of the Achaemenid Empire, this act was typically done before the king. In contrast to the practice of the Greeks and Macedonians, proskynesis was performed by the Persians only when they were communicating with their ancient gods.  
  The invasion of the Achaemenid Empire had always been on top of the list for Alexander the Great. Ever since he came to power, the king had desired the submission of Darius III, the reigning king of the Persians at that time. Though he defeated the king in two battles and eventually conquered its territories, Alexander appears to have soon found a deep love for Persian customs and traditions. Of course, the king’s gradual change and assimilation of Persian culture did not sit well with the Macedonian people.  
  According to the ancient writer Arrian, when Alexander attempted to apply proskynesis to his court, his decision was met with massive criticism from both the Macedonians and Greeks. And even when he stopped the practice, the Macedonians continued to witness their king apply a variety of Persian customs in the kingdom. Some said his Persianization played a minor role in his death, while others claimed that he died of natural causes. The sources that tell the story of Alexander often contradict each other, which can be confusing for curious readers hoping to learn about the great king’s eventful life.  
  But that is about to change. With this all-new enthralling history audiobook, you can easily explore the gripping events that took place throughout the life of Alexander the Great. 
  Scroll up and click the “add to cart” button to learn more about Alexander the Great!

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  Navigating the Winds of...

  Sarah Blightley

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  Navigating the Winds of Distraction: An Adult's Guide to Harnessing the ADHD Mind 
  Have you ever felt the relentless winds of distraction sweeping you away from focus and productivity, leaving you wishing for a guide to harness the power of your ADHD mind? 
  Do you often ponder: 
  How can I overcome the challenges of distraction and regain control of my focus? 
  What strategies can I use to navigate daily tasks and responsibilities with an ADHD mind? 
  Is there a comprehensive guide that understands the unique struggles of adults with ADHD? 
  Meet the Author: The ADHD Navigator 
  The author, using they/them pronouns, intimately understands the struggles and frustrations of living with ADHD. Having experienced the same challenges, the author is on a mission to guide readers through the turbulent winds of distraction, offering insights and strategies to reclaim control and thrive. 
  What to Expect: 
  Unlock the secrets to harnessing the unique strengths of the ADHD mind. 
  Discover practical techniques to manage distractions and improve focus. 
  Explore strategies for navigating work, relationships, and daily responsibilities with ADHD. 
  Learn how to turn ADHD challenges into opportunities for growth and success. 
  Gain insights from renowned experts in ADHD research and advocacy. 
  Find support and understanding for the emotional aspects of living with ADHD. 
  Access tools and exercises to enhance productivity and organization. 
  Empower yourself to thrive with an ADHD mind, turning obstacles into stepping stones.

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  A Rare Recording of Aldous...

  Aldous Huxley

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  Aldous Huxley (July 26, 1894 - November 22, 1963) was an English writer and philosopher. He was best known for his novels "Brave New World" and "The Doors of Perception." This recording is from a speech he gave, "What a Piece of Work Man Is." Earlier in his career Huxley edited the Oxford Poetry magazine, wrote travel articles, film stories, and scripts. He later became interested in spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism, including universalism. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in seven different years.

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