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  Hamilcar Barca: The Life and...

  Editors Charles River

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  Carthage was one of the great ancient civilizations, and at its peak, the wealthy Carthaginian empire dominated the Mediterranean against the likes of Greece and Rome, with commercial enterprises and influence stretching from Spain to Turkey. In fact, at several points in history it had a very real chance of replacing the fledgling Roman empire or the failing Greek poleis (city-states) altogether as master of the Mediterranean. Although Carthage by far preferred to exert economic pressure and influence before resorting to direct military power (and even went so far as to rely primarily on mercenary armies paid with its vast wealth for much of its history, it nonetheless produced a number of outstanding generals, from the likes of Hanno Magnus to, of course, the great bogeyman of Roman nightmares himself: Hannibal.  
  	Certain foreign policy decisions led to continuing enmity between Carthage and the burgeoning power of Rome, and what followed was a series of wars which turned from a battle for Mediterranean hegemony into an all-out struggle for survival. Although the Romans gained the upper hand in the wake of the First Punic War, the Carthaginians brought the Romans to their knees for over a decade during the Second Punic War. Of course, they were led in Italy by the legendary Hannibal Barca, who maintained his army near Rome for nearly 15 years, but never attempted to march on Rome.  
  	One overlooked figure in the Punic Wars is Hamilcar Barca, who is now best remembered for being Hannibal’s father. However, before Hannibal marched out of Spain, it was Hamilcar who had positioned forces there, and he was already a significant historical figure in his own right. Indeed, had it not been for his death, his legacy likely would have been more important than that of his illustrious son, who is now remembered as one of history’s greatest generals. 

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  The Cold War and After - History...

  Marc Trachtenberg

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  A new way of looking at international relations from a leading expert in the fieldWhat makes for war or for a stable international system? Are there general principles that should govern foreign policy? In The Cold War and After, Marc Trachtenberg, a leading historian of international relations, explores how historical work can throw light on these questions. The essays in this book deal with specific problems—with such matters as nuclear strategy and U.S.-European relations. But Trachtenberg's main goal is to show how in practice a certain type of scholarly work can be done. He demonstrates how, in studying international politics, the conceptual and empirical sides of the analysis can be made to connect with each other, and how historical, theoretical, and even policy issues can be tied together in an intellectually respectable way.These essays address a wide variety of topics, from theoretical and policy issues, such as the question of preventive war and the problem of international order, to more historical subjects—for example, American policy on Eastern Europe in 1945 and Franco-American relations during the Nixon-Pompidou period. But in each case the aim is to show how a theoretical perspective can be brought to bear on the analysis of historical issues, and how historical analysis can shed light on basic conceptual problems.

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  A Nation Fermented - Beer...

  Robert Shea Terrell

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  How did beer become one of the central commodities associated with the German nation? How did a little-known provincial production standard—the Reinheitsgebot, or Beer Purity Law—become a pillar of national consumer sentiments? How did the jovial, beer-drinking German become a fixture in the global imagination? 
   
   
   
  While the connection between beer and Germany seems self-evident, A Nation Fermented reveals how it was produced through a strange brew of regional commercial and political pressures. Spanning from the late nineteenth century to the last decades of the twentieth, A Nation Fermented argues that the economic, regulatory, and cultural weight of Bavaria shaped the German nation in profound ways. Drawing on sources from over a dozen archives and repositories, Terrell weaves together subjects ranging from tax law to advertising, public health to European integration, and agriculture to global stereotypes. 
   
   
   
  Offering a history of the Germany that Bavaria made over the twentieth century, A Nation Fermented both eschews sharp temporal divisions and forgoes conventional narratives centered on Prussia, Berlin, or the Rhineland. In so doing, Terrell offers a fresh take on the importance of provincial influences and the role of commodities and commerce in shaping the nation.

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  100 Amazing Facts about Kenya -...

  Marc Dresgui

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  Discover Kenya through 100 fascinating facts! This book invites you to explore the extraordinary diversity of Kenya, a country where wildlife, flora, culture, and history merge into a unique natural and human heritage. 🇰🇪 
  Have you ever wondered:Why is Mount Kenya so important to the indigenous people of the country?What animals make up the famous "Big Five," and where can you spot them in Kenya?How did the giant elephants of Meru National Park survive poaching and thrive today?What makes the Mau Forest a crucial "green lung" for Kenya's climate?How do the fishermen of floating villages live on Lake Victoria? 
  Why give "100 Amazing Facts About Kenya" to your children?Educational and engaging content: This book reveals 100 amazing facts, allowing your children to expand their knowledge of the world while sparking their curiosity.A diverse range of information: Each fact is unique, covering different aspects of Kenya, from its wildlife to its ecosystems, to its cultural traditions and historical sites.A focus on ecology and conservation: Through these facts, your children will gain awareness of the importance of preserving endangered species and fragile ecosystems, a crucial lesson in today's world.Facts for all ages: Whether your children are young readers or older, they will find facts suited to their level of understanding, making reading both accessible and enriching. 
  "100 Amazing Facts About Kenya" invites you to explore and reflect while offering educational content suited for young readers.

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  Exemplary Jews and Christians...

  Gregory Heary

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  How did personal convictions lead to religious revolutions in the lives of the Sahabah? Explore the transformative power of belief through the lives of those who walked with the Prophet.The Sahabah are the Muslim companions of the Prophet Muhammad. This category of people are known as Ahl-Kitab Sahabah because they had previously believed in the previous Islamic prophets such as Moses and Jesus as well as books of divine revelation prior to meeting Muhammad and confirming his message as the God-given truth. These were the contemporary disciples of Muhammad who were Jews and Christians who met him and became Muslims.  In the heart of Islamic history, former Jews and Christians like Abdullah bin Salam and Salman al-Farsi changed their entire worldviews, embracing Islam after profound encounters with the Prophet Muhammad. The author, a former Christian who became Muslim himself, brings these stories to life, highlighting the themes of wisdom, humility, and the quest for truth. The narratives are embedded with historical contexts, showing how personal journeys of faith and conversion contributed to the spread and enrichment of Islam. By turning the pages of this book, you engage with stories that not only recount historical facts but also inspire personal reflection and societal understanding.

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  The United States of English -...

  Rosemarie Ostler

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  The story of how English became American—and how it became Southern, Bostonian, Californian, African American, Chicano, elite, working-class, urban, rural, and everything in between 
   
   
   
  By the time of the Revolution, the English that Americans spoke was recognizably different from the British variety. Americans added dozens of new words to the language, either borrowed from Native Americans (raccoon, persimmon, caucus) or created from repurposed English (backwoods, cane brake, salt lick). Americans had their own pronunciations (bath rhymed with hat, not hot) and their own spelling (honor, not honour), not to mention a host of new expressions that grew out of the American landscape and culture (blaze a trail, back track, pull up stakes). Americans even invented their own slang, like stiff as a ringbolt to mean drunk. American English has continued to grow and change ever since. 
   
   
   
  The United States of English tells the engrossing tale of how the American language evolved over four hundred years, explaining both how and why it changed and which parts of the "mother tongue" it preserved (I guess was heard in the British countryside long before it became a typical Americanism). Plentiful examples of the American vernacular, past and present, bring the language to life and make for an engaging as well as enlightening listen.

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