Outros livros que poderiam interessá-lo

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  The Soviet Famine of 1932-1933 -...

  Sarah Willards

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  The Soviet famine of 1932-1933, one of the most devastating events in Soviet history, can be traced back to the aggressive agricultural policies enforced under Joseph Stalin’s leadership. The roots of the famine lay in the drastic changes to agriculture during the late 1920s and early 1930s, particularly the forced collectivization campaign, which aimed to reshape the entire agricultural sector to fit the needs of the Soviet state. This chapter explores the key policies that set the stage for the disaster that would unfold in the early 1930s. 
  The first step towards the famine was the rise of collectivization, a policy introduced by Stalin to consolidate individual farms into large, state-controlled collective farms. The goal was to increase agricultural productivity and provide the state with a surplus of grain to fuel industrialization. However, this policy met with widespread resistance from peasants who feared losing their land and livelihood. In response, the Soviet government resorted to violent measures to force peasants to join collective farms, including the execution or deportation of so-called "kulaks"—wealthier peasants—whom the regime labeled as class enemies. 
  Alongside collectivization, Stalin’s government implemented harsh grain procurement quotas. These quotas demanded that peasants surrender large portions of their harvest to the state at low prices, which were often below the cost of production. The policy was particularly detrimental to regions with fertile land, where the government set even higher quotas to maximize exports, often at the expense of local populations. The pressure to meet these quotas, combined with the challenges of collectivized farming, led to a dramatic reduction in food available for local consumption.

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  The Chevron Doctrine - Its Rise...

  Thomas W. Merrill

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  The Constitution makes Congress the principal federal lawmaker. Power has inevitably shifted to the executive branch agencies that interpret laws already on the books and to the courts that review the agencies' interpretations. 
   
   
   
  Since the Supreme Court's 1984 decision in Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council, this judicial review has been highly deferential: courts must uphold agency interpretations of unclear laws as long as these interpretations are "reasonable." But the Chevron doctrine faces backlash from constitutional scholars and, now, from Supreme Court justices who insist that courts, not administrative agencies, have the authority to say what the law is. Recognizing that Congress cannot help relying on agencies to carry out laws, Merrill rejects the notion of discarding the administrative state. Instead, he focuses on what should be the proper relationship between agencies and courts in interpreting laws, given the strengths and weaknesses of these institutions. Courts are better at enforcing the rule of law and constitutional values; agencies have more policy expertise and receive more public input. 
   
   
   
  The best solution, Merrill suggests, is not of the either-or variety. Neither executive agencies nor courts alone should pick up the slack of our increasingly ineffectual legislature.

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  The Subjection of Women

  John Stuart Mill

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  "The Subjection of Women" is an essay written by John Stuart Mill in 1869. The essay is a critique of the social and legal status of women in Victorian England and argues for gender equality. Mill argues that the subjugation of women is not only morally wrong but also results in negative consequences for both men and women. 
  In the essay, Mill examines the various ways in which women are subjugated, including their lack of legal rights, their exclusion from education and professional opportunities, and their relegation to the domestic sphere. He argues that these societal restrictions prevent women from fulfilling their potential and living full, autonomous lives. 
  Mill also argues that the subjugation of women is not a natural or inevitable state of affairs but is instead a result of historical and cultural factors. He contends that by removing legal and social barriers to gender equality, society can create a more just and harmonious social order. 
  "The Subjection of Women" was a groundbreaking work in its time and helped to lay the groundwork for the feminist movement. Mill's arguments continue to be influential to this day, and the essay remains a key text in the history of feminist thought.

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  GRE SCORE SECRETS: Transform...

  Ambrose Langridge

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  GRE SCORE SECRETS: Transform Your Study Habits for Instant Success 
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  Axis Powers’ Nuclear Weapons...

  Editors Charles River

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  The Manhattan Project would ultimately yield the “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” bombs that released more than 100 Terajoules of energy at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but as it turned out, the Axis were not far behind with their own nuclear weapons program. When the Nazis’ quest for a nuclear weapon began in earnest in 1939, no one really had a handle on how important nuclear weapons would prove to war and geopolitics. The attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, along with the Cold War-era tests and their accompanying mushroom clouds, would demonstrate the true power and terror of nuclear weapons, but in the late 1930s these bombs were only vaguely being thought through, particularly after the successful first experiment to split the atom by a German scientist. The nuclear age itself was in its infancy, barely 35 years old, but within a few short years the advent of nuclear war loomed over the world and the prospect of the enemy winning the nuclear race kept Allied leaders awake at night. 
  In November 1921, roughly a year after the Treaty of Versailles came into effect, Japan, Britain, and the United States gathered to sign another treaty of disarmament at the Washington Naval Conference. However, Japan opted against renewing the pact in the mid-1930s, and around the same time, Germany openly breached the terms of the former treaty and began to restock their weapons. This gave rise to the birth of a new and unprecedented arms race, one that had catastrophically disastrous consequences about a decade later. 
  Although their project is typically overlooked given the American use of the bombs and then the Soviets following suit early on in the Cold War, the Japanese avidly pursued nuclear weapons as well.

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  At the Mercy of the Sea - The...

  John Kretschmer

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  A "normal" Caribbean hurricane travels from east to west, but Lenny was anything but normal. Spawned south of Cuba in 1999, this late-season storm defied all predictions by moving steadily east toward the Leeward Islands. Eventually building almost to Category 5 strength, Lenny squatted for two days between the Virgin Islands and St. Martin, whipping the ocean with 155 mile-per-hour winds and sixty-foot seas. 
   
   
   
  In its path in the Anegada Passage were three sailboats and their unfortunate crews: La Vie en Rose, a forty-one-foot sloop captained by ex-army lieutenant colonel Carl Wake; English Braids, a tiny twenty-one-foot racer skippered by would-be elite competitive sailor Steve Rigby; and Frederic-Anne, a sixty-five-foot schooner skippered by ambitious Guillaume Llobregat. None of the men knew each other, yet they converged by fate in a tiny circle of the sea in the midst of a storm no boat could withstand. And even as he battled for survival, Carl Wake lived the crowning hours of his life. 
   
   
   
  John Kretschmer's At the Mercy of the Sea retraces the journeys of these three sailors through life and across oceans. It is a taut, suspenseful re-creation that seeks to make sense of the improbable intersection of three lives at the height of a storm, and a gripping reconstruction of Carl Wake's search for meaning and, ultimately, for his soul.

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