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  Crusades in Europe The: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  Christianity was not a state religion for its first three centuries, and it was only when Emperor Constantine the Great declared it so in the early 4th century that the Church was faced with the thorny problem of state-sanctioned violence. The first major Christian authority to justify the use of arms in defense of Church and State was Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, who wrote in the 5th century, “They who have waged war in obedience to the divine command or in conformity with His laws, have represented in their persons the public justice or the wisdom of government, and in this capacity have put to death wicked men; such persons have by no means violated the commandment, ‘Thou shalt not kill.’”  
  	This opinion gained increasing influence in Western Christianity, though in the East, the attitude was (and continues to be) more nuanced. War was tolerated as a regrettable necessity in a world wounded by sin but never blessed. Canon law enacted in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire tended to treat soldiers who had killed as sinners needing to repent, and Bishop Basil of Caesarea (d. c. 330) believed that they needed to abstain from receiving communion for three years after battle. It was not that that the Eastern Roman Empire was a particularly peaceable state–far from it, in fact: it was engaged in almost continuous warfare for its entire existence. However, its conflicts were mostly defensive in character, fighting barbarians, Persians, or Muslims, and the idea of consecrating arms for the cause of Christianity was considered alien to its spirit.  
  At the Council of Clermont in July 1095, Pope Urban II canonized religious war by urging Western Europe's nobility to take up arms in defense of the Byzantine Empire against the Muslims, thus launching the Crusades, and religious military orders such as the Knights of Saint John, the Templars, and the Hospitallers arose.

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  After Botham - Healing From My...

  Allisa Charles-Findley, Jeremiah...

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  On September 6, 2018, White Dallas police officer Amber Guyger opened the door of Apartment 1478. Inside, Botham Jean lay on his couch, having hung up from his daily call with his sister, Allisa. She’d encouraged her brother to stay home for the night’s opening Dallas Cowboys game as sports bars would be too dangerous. Guyger instantly assumed the large black man watching the game was a burglar in her home. She shot him, then failed to render aid as he succumbed to the wound she’d inflicted. Officer Guyger forever altered the lives of the hundreds who knew and loved this kind-hearted young man who lead worship at his church and worked diligently at Price Waterhouse Cooper. Botham's murder shocked the nation. And it devastated his sister. After Botham is Allisa’s story of what happened to her brother and how she fought through the aftermath to find life.

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  Super Simple CBT - Six Skills to...

  PhD Matthew McKay, PhD Martha...

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  Quick skills grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help you find lasting relief from the painful thoughts that drive anxiety, depression, and more. 
   
   
   
  In today's increasingly uncertain world, it's natural to feel anxious, scared, sad, lonely, angry, worried, or hopeless. Everybody experiences intense emotions sometimes. It's normal. But when the pain becomes too strong and too enduring, it's time for a change. 
   
   
   
  CBT is widely regarded as the gold standard in psychotherapy for treating anxiety and depression. Based on the self-help classic, Thoughts and Feelings, this take-anywhere guide offers distilled CBT skills you can use anytime to challenge the negative thinking that leads to anxiety and depression, balance your emotions, and start engaging in activities that make you feel good about yourself.  Most importantly, you'll learn how your thoughts affect your mood, and how changing your thoughts can actually change your life! 
   
   
   
  This super simple guide presents the most effective therapy for managing anxiety and depression in an easy-to-listen format that therapists can refer to clients, and listeners can refer to again and again.

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  Unraveling the War on Expertise:...

  Ronan Ashworthy

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  Unraveling the War on Expertise: Why We Must Care  
  Are you eager to advance in your career and deepen your knowledge in a world where expertise is often undervalued?   
  Are you in search of a thorough guide that highlights the importance of valuing authentic expertise and insight?   
  Your quest ends here!   
  This guide acts as your essential companion for enriching your understanding and engaging with practical exercises. With this resource, you are set up for success.   
  Updated for the evolving landscape of 2025.   
  Key features of this insightful guide:   
  - In-depth analysis of the significance of expertise in today’s society   
  - Comprehensive exploration of authentic insight and its benefits   
  - Effective strategies for applying knowledge and navigating challenges   
  Our guide stands out due to its thorough coverage, which is crucial for your understanding and mastery. Concepts are not just touched upon; they are comprehensively examined.   
  Please note, this guide operates independently and is not affiliated with any official organization, ensuring that it is purely a resource for your enrichment.   
  Crafted with a clear structure and accessible language, our guide ensures smooth transitions between topics. Say goodbye to convoluted jargon and embrace clear, precise, and technically accurate content.   
  So, why delay? Click the BUY NOW button, secure your guide, and embark on your journey toward valuing authentic expertise and insight!

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  Manners for the Metropolis

  Frank Crowninshield

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  Manners for the Metropolis is Frank Crowninshield’s razor-sharp, satirical guide to navigating the absurdities of New York’s high society in the early 20th century. With biting wit and upper-crust irony, Crowninshield delivers a tongue-in-cheek manual for proper behavior among the elite—offering “guidance” on everything from dinner etiquette and bath timing to the politics of RSVPs and the social capital of automobile ownership. 
  Part mockery, part mirror, this humorous exposé of "The 400" pokes fun at the pomp and posturing of the privileged class, leaving modern listeners both amused and astonished at the timelessness of social pretense. Narrator Mark Cohan brings just the right tone of charm and snark to this breezy, sophisticated romp through the gilded labyrinth of polite society. 
  Perfect for fans of satire, history, and vintage New York glamour.

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  Egyptian Legends and Folktales -...

  Omar Khalil

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  In ancient Egyptian mythology, the creation of the world was a profound and mystical event, explained through various narratives rooted in different regions. These myths aimed to answer fundamental questions about existence, the origins of the gods, and humanity's place within the universe. Among the most significant are the myths from Heliopolis, Hermopolis, and Memphis, each offering a unique perspective on creation. 
  The Ennead of Heliopolis tells the story of creation centered around Atum, the first god, who emerged from the chaotic waters of Nun. Atum, often depicted as a self-created deity, brought forth the twin deities Shu, god of air, and Tefnut, goddess of moisture, by spitting or coughing them out. These two then gave birth to Geb, the earth god, and Nut, the sky goddess. From their union came Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys, forming the Ennead, a group of nine deities. This myth emphasizes the power of creation through divine will and the subsequent emergence of order from chaos. 
  In Hermopolis, the Ogdoad myth presents a different version of creation. Here, eight primordial deities existed in male and female pairs, representing elements like darkness, water, and chaos. These pairs were Amun and Amaunet, Heh and Hauhet, Kek and Kauket, and Nun and Naunet. They resided in the watery abyss before merging their powers to create a primordial mound, from which the sun god Ra emerged, illuminating the world. This story highlights the collaboration of fundamental forces to bring forth light and life.

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