Join us on a literary world trip!
Add this book to bookshelf
Grey
Write a new comment Default profile 50px
Grey
Subscribe to read the full book or read the first pages for free!
All characters reduced
Introduction to Power System Protection - cover

Introduction to Power System Protection

Dr. Hidaia Mahmood Alassouli

Publisher: Dr. Hidaia Mahmood Alassouli

  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

Summary

Power system protection systems have three basic components: Instrument transformers, Relays, Circuit breakers

The function of the CT is to reproduce in its secondary winding a current I' that is proportional to the primary current I. The CT converts primary currents in the kiloamp range to secondary currents in the 0–5 ampere range for convenience of measurement.

The function of the relay is to discriminate between normal operation and fault conditions. The OC relay in Figure 2 has an operating coil, which is connected to the CT secondary winding, and a set of contacts. When |I'| exceeds a specified ''pickup'' value, the operating coil causes the normally open contacts to close. When the relay contacts close, the trip coil of the circuit breaker is energized, which then causes the circuit breaker to open.

System-protection components have the following design criteria:
• Reliability: Operate dependably when fault conditions occur, even after remaining idle for months or years. Failure to do so may result in costly damages.
• Selectivity: Avoid unnecessary, false trips.
• Speed: Operate rapidly to minimize fault duration and equipment damage. Any intentional time delays should be precise.
• Economy: Provide maximum protection at minimum cost.
• Simplicity: Minimize protection equipment and circuitry.

Since it is impossible to satisfy all these criteria simultaneously, compromises must be made in system protection.

The book consists from the following sections:
1. Chapter 1: Power System Faults:
2. Chapter 2: Instrument Transformers.
3. Chapter 3: Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection Relays.
4. Chapter 4: Radial System Protection.
5. Chapter 5: Zones of Protection.
6. Chapter 6: Differential Relays.
7. Chapter 7: Distance Relays.
8. Chapter 8: Transformer Protection.
9. Chapter 9: Generator Protection.
10. Chapter 10: Busbar Protection.
11. Chapter 11: Circuit Breakers.
12. Chapter 12: Fuses.
13. Chapter 13: References.
Available since: 05/12/2022.
Print length: 145 pages.

Other books that might interest you

  • Accounting and QuickBooks – 2 in 1 - Learn How to Use Small Business Bookkeeping Software for Beginners - cover

    Accounting and QuickBooks – 2 in...

    Kevin Ellis

    • 0
    • 0
    • 0
    Take the guesswork out of keeping track of finances and discover efficient bookkeeping and accounting techniques for the modern business world 
    Crunching the numbers and doing the books is everybody's least favorite part of running a business unless you're a numbers person. It's boring and frustrating and most people would rather not deal with it. 
    But it doesn't have to be that way. 
    In this special bundle, Kevin Ellis demystifies complex accounting concepts in a way that is easy to understand and can be practically applied to your business. You're going to learn how to use modern tools such as QuickBooks to make accounting easy and pain-free. 
    In this special bundle, you're going to find everything you need to master accounting for small businesses. It contains the following guides:Accounting: A Simple Guide to Financial and Managerial Accounting for BeginnersQuickBooks: Step-by-Step Guide to Bookkeeping & Accounting for Beginners 
    Here are some of the practical insights you're going to discover in this bundle:A comprehensive intro to the accounting equation for sole proprietorship and corporationsEverything you need to know about assets and liabilities as well as the form vs substance paradigmHow to properly get started using QuickBooks and a high-level overview of the QuickBooks dashboardPreparing financial statements, creating reports and budgeting with QuickBooks...and much, much more! 
    Whether you're a student, entrepreneur, small to medium-sized business owner, employee or partner, this guide will show you how to manage finances like a pro and enable you to have intelligent conversations with finance experts.
    Show book
  • Capturing the Stars - Astrophotography by the Masters - cover

    Capturing the Stars -...

    Robert Gendler

    • 0
    • 0
    • 0
    Portraits of the deep sky and of local astronomical phenomena taken by the world’s renowned astrophotographers—with a foreword by Neil deGrasse Tyson.   To gaze at the stars is one thing; to capture that gaze in photographs is something else, a tantalizing scientific art that many attempt and few master. That rare mastery is on full display in this beautiful volume of space photography from thirty of the most accomplished astrophotographers in the world, both professional and amateur. Galaxies, star clusters, nebulae, and other deep-sky treasures fill the pages. Along with the marvels of the night sky—the Andromeda and Whirlpool galaxies, the Pleiades and the Praesepe, the Orion and Crab nebulae, and many more—each section features a profile of the photographer’s work, techniques, philosophy, and experiences. Compiled by the world’s leading amateur astrophotographer, with an introduction to the history of space photography, this spectacular volume is an essential for every stargazer’s bookshelf.elf.
    Show book
  • The NASA Conspiracies - The Truth Behind the Moon Landings Censored Photos and The Face on Mars - cover

    The NASA Conspiracies - The...

    Nick Redfern

    • 0
    • 0
    • 0
    A journalist specializing in conspiracy theories examines the US government’s role in censoring information about the space program and alien lifeforms. 
     
    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration—NASA—was established on July 29, 1958. Ever since that day, NASA has been at the forefront of efforts to explore outer space, resulting in the Apollo missions to the moon, the Skylab space-station, and today’s space shuttle. But behind the open face of NASA, there is a much more mysterious world. NASA has been linked to a wealth of high-level cover-ups, including:Claims that the Apollo moon landings of 1969 to 1972 were faked as part of an effort to demonstrate military and technological superiority over the former Soviet Union.NASA’s role in hiding the truth about the controversial face on Mars—which many believe to be a carved structure, created in the remote past by long-extinct, indigenous Martians.NASA’s deep and longstanding involvement in the famous UFO crash at Roswell, New Mexico, in the summer of 1947.Deep Throat—like NASA sources that have attempted to blow the lid on NASA’s most guarded secrets concerning the U.S. Government’s interactions with aliens. 
     
    The NASA Conspiracies throws open all the doors that the Space Agency has kept closed for so long.
    Show book
  • Systems Theory - cover

    Systems Theory

    IntroBooks Team

    • 0
    • 0
    • 0
    Systems theory is often referred as system science. It is interdisciplinary study of systems in common terms. Main goal of such studies is to discover new patterns and elucidating principles. Such principles are meant to be derived from and applied to almost any kind of system in all fields of research. These principles can be applied on such fields up to nesting levels. System theory or system science is often considered specialization of system thinking. The principles derived from it are simply gold output of this science of system or systems theory and systems engineering. It uses the emphasis on generality. Such emphasis is useful across a wide system range. When compared to particular models of individual fields, the common emphasis can be applied over wider range of systems. 
    Central topic of this theory is systems. The systems hold a self-correcting architecture. Feedback is used in order to perform such self-correction over the systems and by the systems themselves (quite confusing, isn’t it?). Such self-regulating systems can be found in nature. Here, term “nature” also includes human body’s physiological systems, global ecosystems, local ecosystems, climate and human learning processes as well. Including human or any individual living being is approved or allowed by many international organizations such as UN (United Nations). 
    Systems theory is originated from General System Theory (GST) developed by Bertalanffy. Systems theory can be used in many other fields. These fields or terms include action theory and social theory. Moreover, the action theory was developed by Talcott Parsons and the social systems theory was developed by Niklas Luhmann. 
    Multiple diverse fields or areas provided base knowledge in development of contemporary ideas of systems theory. Following are some of these many fields and studies along with their researchers:Exemplification by the work of Ludwig von Bertalanffy. He was a researcher in the field of biology.Linguist Bela H. BanathyTalcott Parsons in sociologyHoward T. Odum in ecological systemsEugene Odum, Fritjof Capra, Peter Senge in the field of organizational theory and managementDebora Hammond, Alfonso Montuori and Richard A. Swanson in the field of Human Resource Development and Interdisciplinary theories.In the terms of transdisciplinary, interdisciplinary and multiperspectival domain, concept of systems theory brings together many principles from ontology, scientific philosophy, physics, computer science, biology, engineering, sociology, geography, political science, psychotherapy and economics. 
    Thus, it is said that systems theory acts as a link for interdisciplinary dialogs that transfer between autonomous areas of study. These areas also cover systems science itself. 
    Show book
  • On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection - The Cornerstone of the Evolutionary Biology - cover

    On the Origin of Species by...

    Charles Darwin

    • 0
    • 0
    • 0
    The Origin of Species introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution.   
    Contents: 
    Variation Under Domestication 
    Variation Under Nature 
    Struggle for Existence 
    Natural Selection 
    Laws of Variation 
    Difficulties on Theory 
    Instinct 
    Hybridism 
    On the Imperfection of the Geological Record. 
    On the Geological Succession of Organic Beings 
    Geographical Distribution 
    Mutual Affinities of Organic Beings: Morphology 
    Recapitulation and Conclusion
    Show book
  • Dark Space Enigmas - Dark Matter and the Evolution of Galaxies - cover

    Dark Space Enigmas - Dark Matter...

    Dirk Fallon

    • 0
    • 0
    • 0
    The cosmic frontier has long captivated human imagination as it holds the mysteries of the universe in its vast expanses. From the earliest observations of the night sky, humanity has been drawn to the unknown depths beyond our planet, seeking to unravel the secrets of dark matter and the intricate evolution of galaxies. In this chapter, we explore the beginnings of our cosmic journey and the fundamental forces that shape the universe, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of the interplay between dark matter and galactic evolution. 
    The universe, in its infancy, was a turbulent and dynamic environment where matter and energy coalesced into the structures we observe today. In the early moments following the Big Bang, subtle fluctuations in density laid the groundwork for the formation of dark matter haloes, which in turn influenced the emergence of galaxies. These initial irregularities acted as seeds that grew over time through gravitational attraction, gradually giving rise to the complex web of cosmic structures that now stretches across the observable universe. 
    As we peer into the cosmic frontier, the concept of dark matter becomes central to our understanding of the universe’s architecture. Dark matter, an invisible substance that does not interact with light in the conventional manner, exerts gravitational forces that shape the evolution of galaxies. Although its exact composition remains elusive, its effects are evident in the rotational speeds of galaxies and the clustering of matter on cosmic scales. The study of these phenomena provides critical clues about the underlying nature of dark matter and the processes that govern the birth and evolution of galactic systems.
    Show book