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  The Mahabharata - Divine Essence...

  Veda Vyas

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  Krishna Dvaipāyana, also known as and Veda Vyāsa "the one who classified the Vedas"), is a rishi (sage). He is best known as the author of the Mahabharata, one of the two most important epics of Hinduism. He is also credited as the traditional compiler of the Vedas, as well as the writer of other important works including the Puranas. As per the Mahabharata, Vyasa is the son of rishi Parashara and a fisherwoman named Kali (Satyavati), who later marries king Shantanu of Kuru. Throughout the epic, Vyasa appears occasionally helping the Kuru kingdom. His spiritual career includes compiling many texts and spreading the knowledge through his disciples. The festival of Guru Purnima is dedicated to him. It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, the day believed to be both of his birth and when he divided the Vedas. Vyasa is considered one of the seven Chiranjivis (long-lived, or immortals), who are still in existence according to Hindu tradition.

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  Battle of Fornovo The: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  In 1494, there were five sovereign regional powers in Italy: Milan, Venice, Florence, the Papal States and Naples. In 1536, only one remained: Venice. These decades of conflict precipitated great anxiety among Western thinkers, and Italians responded to the fragmentation, forevermore, of Latin Christendom, the end of self-governance for Italians, and the beginning of the early modern era in a myriad of ways. They were always heavily influenced by the lived experience of warfare between large Christian armies on the peninsula. 
  The diplomatic and military history of this 30-year period was a complex situation that one eminent Renaissance historian, Lauro Martines, has described as "best told by a computer, so many and tangled are the treatises, negotiations and battles." At the same time, the fighting went in tandem with the Renaissance and was influenced by it. Most historians credit the city-state of Florence as the place that started and developed the Italian Renaissance, a process carried out through the patronage and commission of artists during the late 12th century. If Florence is receiving its due credit, much of it belongs to the Medicis, the family dynasty of Florence that ruled at the height of the Renaissance. The dynasty held such influence that some of its family members even became Pope. 
  Meanwhile, plans for a French invasion were years in the making, and France’s young King Charles VIII, heavily influenced by chivalric tales and his men of finance, had begun his preparations for conquering Naples as a base from which to launch a crusade in 1491. Two key events were the catalysts for these plans. The first was the arrival of Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere at Avignon in May 1494.

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  Self-Reliance - A Contemporary...

  Ralph Waldo Emerson

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  This modern version of Ralph Waldo Emerson's classic was created to reach a larger and more contemporary audience. The work has been edited to appeal to a wider range of experience and expression. The book is so full of wisdom but we simply don't speak the same way anymore. This book has been upgraded to better reflect a more current vernacular - All the pronouns have been changed from simply he/him to they/them. 
  This edition is edited to be more relevant to today’s terminology and vernacular. As little as possible was modified in order to convey the author’s original intent. 
  Mostly what was changed were the pronouns he, she, him and her but a few other modifications were made in order to better convey the ideas in this classic work. 
  This updated version is more approachable and palatable than the original and still just as inspiring. It’s an incredible piece of literature that deserves to be recognized and widely known. 
  This essay is truly more relevant to today than ever. Ralph Waldo Emerson was such a brilliant writer and thinker. 
  In "Self-Reliance," Emerson expounds on the importance of trusting your soul, as well as divine providence, to carve out a life. A firm believer in nonconformity, Emerson celebrates the individual and stresses the value of listening to the inner voice unique to each of us - even when it defies society's expectations.This current version is created for your reading pleasure. 
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  Blue-Coated Terror - Jim Crow...

  Jeffrey S. Adler

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  A searing chronicle of how racist violence became an ingrained facet of policing in the United States 
   
  Contrary to competing popular beliefs, police violence against African Americans has neither remained unchanged since the era of slavery nor is it a recent phenomenon disconnected from the past. In Bluecoated Terror, Jeffrey S. Adler draws on rich archival accounts to show how racialized police brutality is part of a larger system of state oppression with roots in the early twentieth-century South, particularly New Orleans. 
   
  Wide racial differentials in the use of lethal force and beatings during arrest and interrogation emerged in the 1930s and 1940s. Adler explains how race control and crime control blended and blurred during this era, when police officers and criminal justice officials began to justify systemic violence against Black people as a crucial—and legal—tool for maintaining law and order. Bluecoated Terrorexplores both the rise of these trends and their chilling persistence, providing critical context for recent horrific police abuses as the ghost of Jim Crow continues to haunt the nation. 
   
  “Jeffrey S. Adler’s analysis of New Orleans applies to the entire country and provides key insights as to how we arrived at our present crisis.”—Ibram X. Kendi, author of Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America

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  North American Revolutions -...

  Kelly Mass

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  These three topics will be addressed in this book: 
  Cuban Revolution - Less than a decade after the Second World War, the Cuban revolution happened. It went on and off, irregularly causing riots and rebel actions, as well as tyrannical government suppression, and it all lingered on during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. What was it that typified the Cuban Revolution? Who were the players and what did they do? Which battles were most significant?And last but not least, what was the final result it all led to in the end? These and many other questions will be answered in this comprehensive guide, which will give you a better understanding about the history of one of the most controversial economies on the huge island near the United States coastline. 
  American Revolution - Between 1765 to 1791, the American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution in British America. In the American Revolutionary War (between 1775 to 1783), the Americans in the Thirteen Groups established sovereign countries that beat the British, getting independence from the British Crown and establishing the USA of America, the first modern-day constitutional liberal democracy. 
  Mexican Revolution - The Mexican Revolution was a great revolution that included a series of army local battles instead of a single united struggle. It destroyed the Federal Force and changed it with an innovative army, changing Mexican civilization and governance at the same time It also culminated in the adoption of a new constitution that included the revolutionaries' ideal visions. In spite of the fact that President Porfirio Daz's (from about 1880 to 1911) rule had grown progressively out of favor over the prior 31 years, there was no indicator that a transformation would break out in the year 1910.

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  Bandwidth Recovery For Schools -...

  Cia Verschelden, Kofi Lomotey

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  Each of us has a finite amount of mental bandwidth, the cognitive resources that are available for learning, development, work, and everything else we have to do. These "attentional resources" are not about how smart we are but about how much of our brain power is available to us for the task at hand. When bandwidth is taken up by the stress of persistent economic insecurity or the negative experiences of racism, classism, homophobia, religious intolerance, sexism, ableism, etc., there is less available for learning and growth. This is as true for young children and youth as for their parents and teachers. 
   
   
   
  Cia Verschelden describes strategies that can help students recover bandwidth, including acknowledging the "funds of knowledge" of students and their families, promoting growth mindsets, using reflective practices to build a sense of belonging for all students, fostering peer collaboration, and implementing restorative practices in lieu of punitive measures. She offers practical ideas for creating more teacher-supportive systems and addresses how administrators can harness teachers' ideas to create inclusive learning environments for all students. All of us have a stake in a public school system from which students emerge as fully-formed learners and thinkers and who believe in their ability to affect what happens to them and their communities.

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