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  Moors The: The History of the...

  Editors Charles River

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  The term Moor is a historical rather than an ethnic name. It is an invention of European Christians for the Islamic inhabitants of Maghreb (North Africa), Andalusia (Spain), Sicily and Malta, and was sometimes use to designate all Muslims. It is derived from Mauri, the Latin name for the Berbers who lived in the Roman province of Mauretania, which ranged across modern Algeria and Morocco. Saracen was another European term used to designate Muslims, though it usually referred to the Arabic peoples of the Middle East and derives from an ancient name for the Arabs, Sarakenoi. The Muslims of those regions no more refer to themselves by that term than those of North Africa call themselves Moors. Maghreb, or al-Maghreb, is a historical term used by Arabic Muslims for the territory of coastal North Africa from Alexandria to the Atlantic Coast. It means “The West” and is used in opposition to Mashrek, “The East,” used to refer to the lands of Islam in the Middle East and north-eastern Africa. The Berbers refer to the region in their own language as Tamazgha. In a limited, precise sense it can also refer to the Kingdom of Morocco, the proper name of which is al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyyah, “Kingdom of the West.” 
  The history of the Spanish Peninsula is closely bound to that of the Moors. The term “Spain” was not in wide use until the region was united by the monarchs of Aragon and Castile, and the Moors called the lands they ruled in the Iberian Peninsula Al-Andalus, traditionally thought to be an Arabic transliteration of Vandal, the Germanic tribe which briefly ruled the region in the early fifth century. The English name Andalusia derives from the Spanish Andalucia, which is still used by Spain to name its southern region. Not surprisingly, three religions attempting to coexist during medieval times resulted in nearly incessant conflicts.

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  History of Europe - Europe in...

  History Retold

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  Are you looking for a book about Europe in the 20th century?  
  Look no further – this is the book for you.  
  A wide range of topics is covered, including Europe’s politics, economics, culture, and social life. From the Great War of 1914-1918 to the fall of Communism in 1989-1991, it offers a detailed overview of this transformative period.  
  This book is a must-have for anyone who wants to understand how Europe has changed over the past century, from World War I through World War II, the Cold War, and up to the present day. It covers all aspects of European history, including political, social, economic, and cultural developments.  
  With detailed accounts of key events such as major wars and treaties, the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, and the formation of the European Union, this book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of European history since 1914. 
    
  Buy your copy today and expand your knowledge of European history. 

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  Byzantines and Ottomans The: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  In terms of geopolitics, perhaps the most seminal event of the Middle Ages was the successful Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453. The city had been an imperial capital as far back as the 4th century, when Constantine the Great shifted the power center of the Roman Empire there, effectively establishing two almost equally powerful halves of antiquity’s greatest empire. Constantinople would continue to serve as the capital of the Byzantine Empire even after the Western half of the Roman Empire collapsed in the late 5th century. Naturally, the Ottoman Empire would also use Constantinople as the capital of its empire after their conquest effectively ended the Byzantine Empire, and thanks to its strategic location, it has been a trading center for years and remains one today under the Turkish name of Istanbul. 
  The end of the Byzantine Empire had a profound effect not only on the Middle East but Europe as well. Constantinople had played a crucial part in the Crusades, and the fall of the Byzantines meant that the Ottomans now shared a border with Europe. The Islamic empire was viewed as a threat by the predominantly Christian continent to their west, and it took little time for different European nations to start clashing with the powerful Turks. In fact, the Ottomans would clash with Russians, Austrians, Venetians, Polish, and more before collapsing as a result of World War I, when they were part of the Central Powers. 
  The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople also played a decisive role in fostering the Renaissance in Western Europe. The Byzantine Empire’s influence had helped ensure that it was the custodian of various ancient texts, most notably from the ancient Greeks, and when Constantinople fell, Byzantine refugees flocked west to seek refuge in Europe. Those refugees brought books that helped spark an interest in antiquity that fueled the Italian Renaissance and essentially put an end to the Middle Ages altogether.

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  Breathers of an Ampler Day -...

  Ian Bradley

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  The Victorians thought, wrote and preached much more about heaven than we do today. As the subject of death comes out of the closet after 120 years when it has been largely shunned and avoided, this book presents the views on the afterlife of a number of well-known Victorians, and others not so well known, in the belief that they may help us today as we seek to get over our fear of death and what lies beyond it and to rescue ourselves from its privatization and over-medicalization.

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  The Corpsewood Manor Murders in...

  Amy Petulla

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  Author Amy Petulla uncovers the curious case that left two men dead and the incredible story still surrounded by controversy, speculation, and myth. 
   
   
   
  In 1982, Tony West and Avery Brock made a visit to notorious Corpsewood Manor under the pretense of a celebration. They brutally murdered their hosts. Dr. Charles Scudder and companion Joey Odom built the "castle in the woods" in the Trion forest after Scudder left his position as professor at Loyola. He brought with him twelve thousand doses of LSD. Rumors of drug use and Satanism swirled around the two men. Scudder even claimed to have summoned a demon to protect the estate. The murders set the stage for a trial vibrant with local lore.

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  Allied Forces VS Axis Powers -...

  Sage Winters

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  This book consists of 4 titles, which are: 
  - From Normandy to the Rhine: The liberation of Western Europe in the Second World War remains one of the most significant military campaigns in history. The Allied push from Normandy to the Rhine marked the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany, culminating in its eventual surrender in May 1945. However, the path to victory was neither smooth nor inevitable. It was a campaign marked by intense fighting, strategic challenges, and the determination of soldiers from across the globe. 
  - Patton's Push: General George S. Patton was one of the most influential military leaders of the 20th century, his name forever linked with boldness, aggression, and relentless pursuit of victory. His legacy as a tactical genius in World War II is undisputed, particularly for his innovative strategies and dynamic leadership during key campaigns in Europe. Patton’s approach to warfare, characterized by rapid movement, audacity, and the application of psychological warfare, was a departure from traditional military doctrine and left an indelible mark on modern military tactics. 
  - Operation Overlord: Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, stands as one of the most significant military operations in modern history. Known globally as D-Day, it marked the beginning of the end of Nazi occupation in Western Europe and paved the way for the eventual defeat of Adolf Hitler’s regime. 
  - Resistance Fighters: The story of resistance fighters during the Nazi occupation of Europe is one of extraordinary courage and sacrifice. While the grand battles of World War II are well-documented, the covert operations of ordinary individuals working against overwhelming odds often remain in the shadows. These resistance movements, comprised of men, women, and even children, were vital in undermining the Nazi regime and aiding the Allied forces. 

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