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  The Book of the Dead - An...

  Omar Khalil

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  To the ancient Egyptians, death was not the end—it was merely a transition to a new phase of existence. The afterlife was not a vague, distant concept but a vivid and essential part of their spiritual understanding. They believed in a continuation of life, one where the soul would live on in a realm filled with beauty, light, and eternal peace, provided certain conditions were met. This vision shaped much of their culture, from their art and architecture to their religious practices and personal values. 
  Central to this belief was the idea of the soul, which they saw as comprising multiple parts. The Ka was the life force, the vital essence that departed the body at death but still needed sustenance. The Ba represented personality and mobility—it was the part of the soul that could travel between the living world and the afterlife. The Akh, achieved through a successful transition and judgment, was the transformed spirit that lived among the gods. Each of these aspects had its own role to play in the journey beyond death, and maintaining their harmony was crucial. 
  Immortality was not automatic. It had to be earned through righteous living and proper burial. For the Egyptians, morality and order, guided by the principle of Ma’at—truth, balance, and justice—were essential. One had to live in accordance with Ma’at to hope for a favorable judgment in the afterlife. This belief extended into the funerary rituals, where the dead would be judged in the Hall of Two Truths, their heart weighed against the Feather of Ma’at to determine their fate.

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  The Will to Believe

  William James

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  "The Will to Believe" is a philosophical essay written by William James in 1896. The essay is a defense of the concept of religious faith and argues that belief can be justified even in the absence of objective evidence. 
  James argues that there are some beliefs, such as religious beliefs, that cannot be proven or disproven by empirical evidence. He contends that in cases where there is insufficient evidence to support a belief, individuals are justified in using their will to believe in order to hold on to what they consider to be important or valuable beliefs. 
  James also argues that the act of believing itself can have positive effects on an individual's life. Belief can provide a sense of meaning and purpose, as well as a framework for understanding the world. Furthermore, James contends that individuals who possess a strong will to believe are more likely to succeed in achieving their goals, as they are more motivated and focused. 
  "The Will to Believe" was a controversial work in its time, and it continues to be debated by philosophers and scholars today. While some have criticized James's arguments for promoting irrationality and dogmatism, others have praised his defense of personal autonomy and individual freedom of thought. Overall, "The Will to Believe" is an important contribution to the ongoing philosophical discourse on the nature of belief and faith.

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  A Madman's Will - John Randolph...

  Gregory May

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  Few legal cases in American history are as riveting as the controversy surrounding the will of Virginia Senator John Randolph (1773–1833), which—almost inexplicably—freed all 383 of his slaves in one of the largest and most publicized manumissions in American history. So famous is the case that Ta-Nehisi Coates has used it to condemn Randolph’s cousin, Thomas Jefferson, for failing to free his own slaves. With this groundbreaking investigation, historian Gregory May now reveals a more surprising story, showing how madness and scandal shaped John Randolph’s wildly shifting attitudes toward his slaves—and how endemic prejudice in the North ultimately deprived the freedmen of the land Randolph had promised them. Sweeping from the legal spectacle of the contested will through the freedmen’s dramatic flight and horrific reception in Ohio, A Madman’s Will is an extraordinary saga about the alluring promise of freedom and its tragic limitations.

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  Roman History Compact & Easy to...

  Roman Grapengeter

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  Starting from the two iconic dates of 753 BC (according to legend, the founding of Rome) and 476 AD (the deposition of the last Western Roman emperor Romulus Augustulus), the history of the Roman Empire spans more than 1200 years. This was not only a long period of time, but also an eventful one - after all, the inhabitants of the city on the Tiber River conquered an empire that, at its greatest expansion in 116 AD, encompassed most of Europe as well as parts of North Africa and Asia Minor.
  It would not be difficult to fill hundreds of pages with names and dates from the history of the Roman Empire, and of course such comprehensive accounts already exist.
  But don't worry, that's not what awaits you here. This book will give you an entertaining introduction to the history of the Roman Empire. You will find here only the information you need to understand why the 1200-year development took place as the sources tell us. And because incontrovertible facts are often sparser than one would expect or wish, you will also learn what we don't know (anymore) today and why that is so.

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  Goodbye Russia - Rachmaninoff in...

  Fiona Maddocks

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  In 1940, Sergei Rachmaninoff, living in exile in America, broke his creative silence and composed a swan song to his Russian homeland—his iconic "Symphonic Dances." What happened in those final haunted years and how did he come to write his farewell masterpiece? 
   
   
   
  Rachmaninoff left Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) in 1917 during the throes of the Russian Revolution. He was forty-four years old, at the peak of his powers as composer-conductor-performer, moving in elite Tsarist circles, as well as running the family estate, his refuge and solace. Reeling from the trauma of a life in upheaval, he wrote almost no music and quickly had to reinvent himself as a fêted virtuoso pianist, building up untold wealth and meeting the stars. 
   
   
   
  Using a wide range of sources, including important newly translated texts, Fiona Maddocks's book conjures impressions of this enigmatic figure, his friends, and the world he encountered. It explores his life as an emigré artist and how he clung to an Old Russia which no longer existed. That forging of past and present meets in his Symphonic Dances (1940), his last composition, written on Long Island shortly before his death in Beverly Hills, surrounded by a close-knit circle of exiles. Goodbye Russia is a moving and prismatic look at Rachmaninoff and his iconic final work.

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  The Holodomor - The Brutal...

  Kelly Mass

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  The Holodomor, also known as the Terror-Famine (meaning 'to kill through starving' in Ukrainian) or The Great Famine, was a devastating man-made disaster that struck Soviet Ukraine between 1932 and 1933. It resulted in the deaths of millions of Ukrainians, with the word "Holodomor" specifically highlighting the purposeful nature of the famine. The term reflects the severity of the event, suggesting not only a catastrophic food shortage but also a deliberate attempt to destroy the Ukrainian population through starvation. Various factors contributed to the famine's man-made characteristics, including the refusal of Soviet authorities to allow outside aid, the forced confiscation of family food supplies, and the imposition of severe restrictions on population movement. 
  The Holodomor was part of a larger Soviet famine that affected other grain-producing regions of the USSR in the same period, but Ukraine, as one of the Soviet Union's most important agricultural producers, bore the brunt of the crisis. The famine was not a result of natural disasters but of Stalinist policies, such as forced collectivization, that wreaked havoc on Ukraine's agricultural systems. The Ukrainian people, most of whom were ethnic Ukrainians, faced the unimaginable toll of starvation in what remains one of the most catastrophic peacetime events in Ukrainian history. 
  Ukraine, along with 15 other countries, officially recognized the Holodomor as a genocide perpetrated by the Soviet regime against the Ukrainian people, a stance that has been supported since 2006. The question of how many people perished remains a subject of debate. A joint declaration made to the United Nations in 2003 suggested that between 7 and 10 million Ukrainians died during the famine. However, current estimates by scholars tend to range from 3.5 to 5 million deaths.

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