Outros livros que poderiam interessá-lo

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  Mind Over Magick - Making Magick...

  Tracy Nicholas

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  How do we know if magick is real? Wherever you find people, there are stories about magick. Some are myth or folklore, others are tales meant to thrill and intrigue us, and others still are accounts of actual magick, real spirits, and the energetic properties of our natural world. The question is whether or not any of it is true. Mind Over Magick by Tracy Nicholas tackles this complicated—and often personal—inquiry by picking apart what we know, what we don’t know, and what we can’t possibly know, leaving us with an evidence-based case for the existence of magick in our world. She demonstrates many instances:How the placebo effect shows us that we can heal our bodies with no mechanical interventionHow all living beings as well as the earth, stars, and planets have electromagnetic fields that interact on a regular basis and affect one anotherHow multiple animals and insects, such as the platypus or bees, can detect the energy around themThrough a mix of philosophy, science, and common sense, Mind Over Magick examines what we can infer about magick from what we already know to be true. Nicholas identifies the psychological need to believe in a magick that supernaturally fixes all of our problems without discounting the reality that magick is accessible to us all.

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  Medieval Monasticism - Centers...

  Harris Ropes

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  Monasticism, as a religious way of life, emerged from the desire for spiritual purity and devotion. Its origins can be traced to the early centuries of Christianity, when individuals sought solitude and asceticism to deepen their faith. These early monks and hermits withdrew from the distractions of society, dedicating themselves to prayer, fasting, and contemplation. Their practices laid the foundation for organized monastic communities that would later shape religious life in medieval Europe. 
  Christian asceticism had its roots in the teachings of Jesus and the apostles, who emphasized humility, self-denial, and devotion to God. In the first few centuries after Christ, some Christians chose to live apart from society, embracing a life of solitude in the deserts of Egypt, Syria, and Palestine. Among the most influential of these early ascetics were the Desert Fathers, such as Anthony the Great, who became a model for monastic life. These individuals practiced extreme self-discipline, often enduring harsh conditions to strengthen their spiritual resolve. Their writings and teachings inspired many others to follow their example, leading to the formation of small groups of hermits living near one another. 
  Over time, these solitary ascetics began to form more structured communities. One of the key figures in this transition was Pachomius, an Egyptian monk who, in the fourth century, established one of the earliest known monastic rules. His guidelines emphasized communal living, regular prayer, and shared labor. Unlike the isolated lifestyle of the early hermits, Pachomian monasteries promoted a balance between solitude and community, setting a precedent for later monastic traditions. This model of coenobitic monasticism—where monks lived together under a common rule—spread throughout the Christian world, influencing later monastic developments.

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  Nato's Role - An International...

  Vince Bywaters

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  NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military alliance formed in 1949 to provide collective defense against aggression, primarily focused on safeguarding the democratic values and security of its member nations. Over time, its role has expanded from traditional defense to addressing global security challenges, including the fight against terrorism and the stabilization of conflict zones. The War in Afghanistan became a key test for NATO's evolving mission, showcasing its capabilities in out-of-area operations far beyond the traditional borders of its members. 
  The decision to involve NATO in Afghanistan followed the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, which were planned and orchestrated by al-Qaeda, a terrorist group harbored by Afghanistan's Taliban regime. In response, NATO invoked Article 5 of its founding treaty for the first time in its history, declaring an attack on one member as an attack on all. The alliance's commitment to fighting terrorism led to the deployment of NATO forces in Afghanistan, initially through Operation Enduring Freedom, and later through the more expansive International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission. 
  NATO’s intervention was multi-faceted, aiming not only to eliminate terrorist threats but also to assist in rebuilding a war-torn nation. The alliance’s involvement extended beyond military operations, focusing on stabilizing Afghanistan by promoting security, governance, and economic development. This commitment was based on the understanding that military force alone would not bring lasting peace. NATO recognized that its mission required close collaboration with local Afghan forces, international organizations, and governments, all working together to achieve a stable and secure Afghanistan.

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  The Greek War of Independence -...

  Nova Ashford

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  The Greek War of Independence, which began in 1821, was the culmination of centuries of subjugation under the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Turks had ruled over Greece since the fall of Constantinople in 1453, imposing their control over the Greek-speaking territories of the Eastern Mediterranean. While the Greeks endured under Ottoman rule for nearly four centuries, various socio-political, religious, and economic factors fostered the desire for independence. These factors would eventually fuel a revolution that would reshape Greece’s future and contribute to the broader wave of nationalistic movements across Europe in the 19th century. 
  The Ottoman Empire's control over Greece was characterized by a rigid hierarchical structure. While Greeks were allowed to practice their religion and maintain certain aspects of their culture, they were treated as second-class citizens, subject to high taxes and military conscription. This created deep resentment and a longing for autonomy. However, resistance to Ottoman rule was sporadic and often crushed by the overwhelming power of the Empire. The Greeks, scattered across various islands and mainland regions, lacked the unity needed to mount an effective challenge to Ottoman authority. 
  One of the key elements that ignited the desire for Greek independence was the rise of nationalist and revolutionary ideas in Europe during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The French Revolution of 1789 had sparked waves of liberalism and nationalism across the continent, and these ideas reached Greece through intellectuals, students, and traders. The Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity resonated with many Greeks, who saw them as a path toward the freedom they had been denied for centuries.

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  Nazi Germany’s Conquest of...

  Editors Charles River

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  Europe’s attempts to appease Hitler, most notably at Munich in 1938, failed, as Nazi Germany swallowed up Austria and Czechoslovakia by 1939. Italy was on the march as well, invading Albania in April of 1939. The straw that broke the camel's back, however, was Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1 of that year. Two days later, France and Great Britain declared war on Germany, and World War II had begun in earnest. 
  Of course, as most people now know, the invasion of Poland was merely the preface to the Nazi blitzkrieg of most of Western Europe, which would include Denmark, Belgium, and France by the summer of 1940. The resistance put up by these countries is often portrayed as weak, and the narrative is that the British stood alone in 1940 against the Nazi onslaught, defending the British Isles during the Battle of Britain and preventing a potential German invasion. 
  In particular, the campaign in Poland is remembered as one in which an antiquated Polish army was quickly pummeled by the world’s most modern army. Polish lancers charging in a valiant yet idiotic attack against German tanks is the only image from the 1939 Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland remaining in the popular imagination today. Originating as a piece of Nazi propaganda, paradoxically adopted by the Poles as a patriotic myth, the fictional charge obscures the actual events of September 1939. Outnumbered, outgunned, and under-equipped, the Polish army nevertheless inflicted heavy losses on the invading Wehrmacht. In fact, only the unexpected advance of Soviet forces from the east put a quick end to the struggle and saw the Polish republic partitioned again after just 20 years of independence. Nonetheless, the campaign that started World War II was a bloody sign of things to come as the conflict engulfed the globe.

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  A Rare Recording of Virginia...

  Virginia Woolf

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  Adeline Virginia Woolf (January 25, 1882 - March 28, 1941) was a feminist, pacifist, anti-fascist and English writer born in South Kensington, London. She is considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors, literary critics, and pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device. This is the only surviving recording of Virginia Woolf, a talk called, "Craftsmanship." 

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