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  The Eclogues and Georgics

  Virgil

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  Though it is for the sparkling epic, Aeneid, that the Roman poet Virgil is best known, it was these two poems, The Eclogues and Georgics, which first established his reputation.  Cast in the tradition of pastoral poetry, The Eclogues were written between 41 BCE and 37 BCE when Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro, to give him his full name) was in his thirties. The Eclogues (the word means ‘Selections’ in Greek) contain 10 poems, a combination of dialogues and monologues. They drew on the ‘bucolic’ (rural) style of the ancient Greek poet Theocritus (c 300BCE-c 260 BCE), but Virgil weaves many references to contemporary Roman events. Though The Eclogues have perhaps existed in the shadow of Georgics, they have been highly regarded and studied by academics and poets down the centuries. They are presented here in the 20th century translation by the British poet R. C. Trevelyan, and read in multi-voice format as they were originally written, with clearly delineated characters bringing the content to life with verve and temperament. 
  Though also pastoral in nature, Georgics is very different in style. Published in 29 BCE, the main subject is agriculture (the title reflects the Greek word ‘georgika’, agricultural things), and vigorously promotes traditional means of farming. Again, Virgil weaves into his verse cultural and political themes. Cast in four Books, the dynamic expression draws on numerous Classical, mythical and contemporary references, while explaining the best methods for ploughing, animal husbandry, observing weather patterns, the life of bees and the like. Increasingly, the rise and fall of man’s endeavours can be reflected in the vicissitudes of agricultural life. The 20th century translation of Georgics used on this recording is by the highly respected translator of Latin poetry, Smith Palmer Bovie. It is read by Jamie Parker. Closer study of both works while listening is possible through the complete texts that come with the recording. 
   
  PLEASE NOTE: When you purchase this title, the accompanying PDF will be available in your Audible Library along with the audio.

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  Black Folk - The Roots of the...

  Blair L.M. Kelley

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  There have been countless books, articles, and televised reports in recent years about the almost mythic "white working class," a tide of commentary that has obscured the labor, and even the very existence, of entire groups of working people, including everyday Black workers. In this brilliant corrective, Black Folk, acclaimed historian Blair LM Kelley restores the Black working class to the center of the American story. 
   
   
   
  Spanning two hundred years—from one of Kelley's earliest known ancestors, an enslaved blacksmith, to the essential workers of the Covid-19 pandemic—Black Folk highlights the lives of the laundresses, Pullman porters, domestic maids, and postal workers who established the Black working class as a force in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Taking jobs white people didn't want and confined to segregated neighborhoods, Black workers found community in intimate spaces, from stoops on city streets to the backyards of washerwomen, where multiple generations labored from dawn to dusk, talking and laughing in a space free of white supervision. As millions of Black people left the violence of the American South for the promise of a better life in the North and West, these networks of resistance and joy sustained early arrivals and newcomers alike and laid the groundwork for organizing for better jobs, better pay, and equal rights.

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  Churchill and the Crown

  Ted Powell

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  Winston Churchill was born in a palace and was given a funeral worthy of a king. His family had enjoyed an intimate association with the British monarchy stretching back centuries. As King Edward VIII said of him, "I have never met anyone of royal blood who exemplified in such high degree the ideal of the 'good king.'"Churchill and the Crown tells the story of Churchill's relationship with the various kings and queens he served during his long political career, from young journalist under Edward VII, through his dramatic fall from grace in the First World War under George V, the frustrations of appeasement during the interwar period and his relationship with Edward VIII during the abdication crisis of 1936, culminating in his Finest Hour in the Second World War under George VI and the coda of Churchill's public service to his final monarch: Queen Elizabeth II.Ted Powell analyzes Churchill's writings on monarchy and his role in preserving and establishing monarchies outside Britain. At the core of the book is a series of studies of Churchill's relationships with the monarchs he served. These studies offer a two-way perspective, examining both Churchill's view of individual monarchs and their attitudes towards him. They shed light not only on Churchill's career but also on the changing role of the monarchy in twentieth century Britain.

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  Zulu Kingdom - Shaka Zulu's...

  Rolf Hedger

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  Shaka Zulu was born in 1787 to Senzangakhona, a minor chief of the Zulu clan, and Nandi, a woman of the Langeni people. His birth was unconventional and shrouded in controversy. As a child born out of wedlock, Shaka and his mother faced rejection and humiliation from Senzangakhona’s family, leading to their exile from the Zulu kingdom. They found refuge among the Langeni and later with the Mthethwa, a powerful kingdom under the leadership of Chief Dingiswayo. These early experiences of hardship, resilience, and survival shaped Shaka’s character, instilling in him a determination to rise above adversity. 
  Growing up, Shaka displayed remarkable physical strength, intelligence, and leadership abilities. Among the Mthethwa, he trained as a warrior under Dingiswayo’s command, where he was exposed to innovative military tactics that later influenced his own strategies. He quickly gained recognition for his bravery and strategic mind, earning a place of prominence within the army. It was during this period that he began developing ideas to revolutionize warfare, questioning the effectiveness of traditional long-range throwing spears and loose battle formations. 
  The political landscape of the time was volatile. Various Nguni-speaking clans, including the Zulu, were engaged in constant skirmishes for power and resources. The Mthethwa, under Dingiswayo, sought to unify smaller groups to strengthen their influence against rival factions like the Ndwandwe, led by Zwide. Shaka’s abilities as a warrior and leader caught Dingiswayo’s attention, and he became a favored protégé. This mentorship provided Shaka with the opportunity to refine his tactical skills and forge alliances that would later aid his own rise to power.

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  The Irish in the West of...

  Martin J. Mitchell

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  The prevailing historical view of the Catholic Irish in the first half of nineteenth-century Scotland is that they were despised by native workers because of their religion and because most were employed as strike-breakers or low-wage labour. As a result of this hostility, the Catholic immigrants were viewed as a separate isolated community, concerned mainly with Irish and Catholic issues and unable or unwilling to participate in trade unions, strikes and radical reform movements. The Protestant Irish immigrants, on the other hand, were believed to have integrated with little difficulty, mainly because of religious, families and cultural ties with the Scots.
  This study presents a radically different view. It demonstrates that, whereas some Irish workers were used as a blackleg or cheap labour, others participated in trade unions and strikes alongside native workers, most notably in spinning, weaving and mining industries. The various agitations for political change in the region are analysed, revealing that the Irish – Catholic and Protestant – were significantly involved in all of them. It is also shown that Scottish reformers welcomed, and indeed actively sought, Catholic Irish participation.
  The campaigns for Catholic emancipation and the repeal of the Act of Union of 1800 are reviewed, as are the attitudes of the Scottish Catholic clergy to the political activities of their overwhelmingly Irish congregations.

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  Arameans The: The History of the...

  Editors Charles River

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  When the Late Bronze Age system of the Near East collapsed around the year 1200 BCE, the empires and kingdoms that had ruled the region for hundreds of years were replaced by new dynasties and peoples. In some cases – such as in Egypt, Assyria, and Babylon – new dynasties came to power that followed the culture and styles of previous generations. However, alongside them new ethnic groups also came to power, some of whom took advantage of the general chaos following the Bronze Age collapse to migrate to the region. Some of these new waves of migrants entered the Near East from Europe via the Mediterranean Sea and Anatolia, while others came from Arabia. They all brought with them new weapons, ideas, and plenty of new people that eventually helped establish a new, early Iron Age order in the Near East. Among these new groups that came to prominence in the early Iron Age Near East, the Arameans were arguably the most important. 
  	The Arameans entered the historical record just after the collapse of the Bronze Age, and although they were once thought to be one of the factors in the Bronze Age collapse, most scholars now see them as taking advantage of the situation more than bringing it about. Once the Arameans entered the Levant and Mesopotamia, they influenced their new homes to varying degrees, ranging from having little influence in southern Mesopotamia to being a major geopolitical player in the inland Levant. An examination of Aramean history and culture reveals that the Arameans were a people who were not so easy to define, as they had no central leadership, and they often adopted the cultural attributes of their neighbors. With that said, historians, archaeologists, and philologists have identified a definite Aramean culture that at times played a major role in the wider cultural events of the Near East.

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