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  Ottoman-Portuguese Conflicts...

  Editors Charles River

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  The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople played a decisive role in fostering the Renaissance in Western Europe. The Byzantine Empire’s influence had helped ensure that it was the custodian of various ancient texts, most notably from the ancient Greeks, and when Constantinople fell, Byzantine refugees flocked west to seek refuge in Europe. Those refugees brought books that helped spark an interest in antiquity that fueled the Italian Renaissance and essentially put an end to the Middle Ages altogether.  
  	It was also roughly around this time that a period of European exploration began, and major factors that contributed to this period of exploration were introduced by the Chinese, albeit indirectly. The magnetic compass had already been developed and used by the Chinese sailors since the 12th century, although it had first been created in the 3rd century BCE as a divination device. The Song Dynasty then began using the device for land navigation in the 11th century and sailors began using it shortly after. The technology slowly spread west via Arab traders, although a case can be made for the independent European creation for the compass (Southey 1812: 210). Regardless, by the 13th century the compass had found its way to Western traders, coming at a time that trade had been increasing across Europe.  
  	The Portuguese started exploring the west coast of Africa and the Atlantic under orders from Prince Henry the Navigator. At this point, Europeans had not yet been capable of navigating completely around Africa since the ships being built were not yet fully capable of being able to sail very far from the coast and navigation in open waters was difficult, but the Portuguese continued pushing down the western African coast looking for ways to bypass the Ottomans and Muslims of Africa who had been making overland trade routes difficult. .

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  When Your Aging Parent Needs...

  Paula Spencer Scott, MD Leslie...

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  It's scary and stressful when it happens . . . noticing changes in your parent and becoming increasingly worried about their health and safety. Maybe it's Mom leaving the stove on, Dad getting lost on his way home, or unpaid bills that trigger this realization. Or perhaps there have been falls or emergency room visits. Whatever it is, you know something's wrong. You wonder about a diagnosis. And you want your aging parent to accept help, or perhaps move. 
   
   
   
  Helping an older parent can be gratifying. But it's especially hard if they're blowing off your concerns, refusing to make changes, or otherwise resisting your efforts. You want them to listen, but they get upset or withdraw when you try to talk about this. What to do? 
   
   
   
  You don't have to remain stuck in conflict with your parent (or other family members). You don't have to keep getting the runaround from doctors or feel stumped about next steps. Instead, use an expert's clear plan on how to help your aging parent. 
   
   
   
  Full of actionable advice and insider tips, When Your Aging Parent Needs Help provides practical and flexible steps that move concerned families toward effective elder care action, while respecting a parent's dignity and autonomy.

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  The Power of Mentorship

  Will Jawando

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  As a man born of a Nigerian father and a white mother, Jawando is our guide for the essential gift of mentorship and how staggeringly transformative it can be for an entire community. It’s a reminder of how even a brief encounter of positive mentoring can make all the difference for all our children, most especially those at risk.

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  China's Secret Influence:...

  Fintan Lockridge

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  China's Secret Influence: Unveiling the Power Behind Global Change   
  ⭐⭐ Simplified Guide & Explanations Included ⭐⭐ 
  Are you eager to advance your career and expand your understanding of the forces shaping our world today?   
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  This guide is your ultimate resource for gaining in-depth knowledge, applying your insights, and engaging in practical exercises that prepare you for success.   
  Now updated to reflect the latest developments in global affairs.   
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  - In-depth insights into the forces behind global change   
  - Comprehensive explanation of hidden influences on today’s world   
  - Effective strategies for understanding and engaging with these dynamics   
  Our guide stands out through its thorough coverage, essential for your mastery of the subject. Concepts are not merely touched upon; they are explored in detail.   
  Please note that this guide is not affiliated with any official entity and serves solely as an independent resource for your benefit.   
  Crafted with clarity and accessible language, our guide ensures seamless transitions between topics. Bid farewell to complicated terminology and embrace clear, precise, and technically accurate content.   
  So, why wait? Click the BUY NOW button, secure your guide, and embark on your journey to understanding the hidden forces shaping our world today!

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  The Art of Living - The...

  Epictetus, Sharon Lebell

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  Epictetus, one of the greatest of the ancient thinkers, believed that the primary mission of philosophy is to help ordinary people meet the challenges of daily life and deal with losses, disappointments, and grief. His prescription for the good life: master desires, perform one's duties, and learn to think clearly about oneself and the larger community.
  
  In this accessible interpretation by Sharon Lebell, contemporary listeners will find useful advice from this ancient text. This recording also includes an interview with philosopher Jacob Needleman on the significance of Epictetus' work.

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  Project MK-Ultra: The History of...

  Editors Charles River

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  Since the early days of human warfare, which may date back to the Stone Age, combatants have sought to gain an advantage through the acquisition of secret information. With the growth of technology, a parallel advantage was sought through the application of numerous types of torture. In the 19th century, the concept of manipulation was added to military tactics, an attempt to influence the minds of assassins, double agents, and world leaders alike to act against their natures. Given the incredible advances in technology brought about by global warfare, the years immediately after World War II would bring about the most extensive formal study of the many procedures by which this effect could be accomplished. 
  The push to develop torture and manipulation techniques was driven by an “exaggerated fear”[1] propagated by the American military and national press of “mind-control.” American officials believed that Soviet, Chinese, and North Korean communists had reached the “Holy Grail”[2] of mental warfare, and that the United States must follow suit or be left behind. In time, the “transformation of brainwashing from a system of coercive propaganda to a secret program of human enslavement”[3] reflected cultural demands placed on the idea by the Korean War and was preceded by interest in electromagnetics. To the embarrassment of many Americans, 5,000 of the 7,200 American POWs in North Korea signed confessions and petitions to end the war. Most recanted their actions once free, but many did not, and some refused to return to their homeland. 
  In the end, the peak of the American experimental regimen on unwitting humans grew to vast proportions and splintered into a myriad of disciplines by the mid-20th century. The program came to be known as MK-Ultra after several early incarnations, and to this day, the name has become synonymous with controversy, even as the program’s experiments and results remain relatively mysterious.

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