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  African American History -...

  Kelly Mass

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  The history of African-Americans has been complicated and controversial. While some will fight against racism, others deny the severity of it throughout the ages. Whether or not the issue is as serious as it used to be, is a separate topic for debate. 
  In this guide, you will not read much about opinions but about facts. Society has come a long way since the inauguration of slavery and suppression of the minority in the United States. As leaders stood up and laws have been adjusted one by one, more freedoms have been secured to what nowadays constitutes about 10-20% of the population. Whether it’s enough, is another question that divides political enthusiasts. 
  You will learn more about the first slavery, the rise of the cotton market in the southern states, the abolitionism of slavery, the separation, and individuals like Martin Luther King and Malcolm X who have made a significant impact on the common perspective on these issues. Many things have changed over the past two centuries. Let’s find out what.

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  The Gothic Cathedral -...

  Harris Ropes

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  The origins of Gothic architecture lie in the transition from the Romanesque style that dominated Europe in the early medieval period. Romanesque churches, with their thick walls, small windows, and rounded arches, provided a sense of solidity but limited natural light and height. By the 12th century, new architectural innovations emerged, driven by a desire for greater verticality, spacious interiors, and an infusion of divine light. These aspirations led to the birth of the Gothic style, first appearing in France before spreading across Europe. 
  One of the key figures in this transition was Abbot Suger of the Abbey of Saint-Denis, near Paris. In the 1130s, he initiated the reconstruction of the abbey church, incorporating pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and extensive stained glass windows. Suger believed that light was a manifestation of the divine, and through these architectural changes, he sought to transform the church into a place of spiritual illumination. His innovations set a precedent for what would become the defining characteristics of Gothic architecture. 
  The pointed arch, a hallmark of the Gothic style, replaced the rounded arch of the Romanesque period. This architectural shift was more than an aesthetic change; it allowed for greater structural efficiency, enabling builders to construct taller and more spacious interiors. The ribbed vault, another significant innovation, helped distribute weight more evenly, allowing for thinner walls and the introduction of expansive stained glass windows. These windows, often adorned with biblical scenes, served both a decorative and didactic function, educating the largely illiterate medieval population about religious narratives.

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  Battle of Ravenna The: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  In 1494, there were five sovereign regional powers in Italy: Milan, Venice, Florence, the Papal States and Naples. In 1536, only one remained: Venice. These decades of conflict precipitated great anxiety among Western thinkers, and Italians responded to the fragmentation of Latin Christendom, the end of self-governance for Italians, and the beginning of the early modern era in various ways. They were always heavily influenced by the lived experience of warfare between large Christian armies on the peninsula. The diplomatic and military history of this 30-year period is a complex one that one eminent Renaissance historian, Lauro Martines, has described as "best told by a computer, so many and tangled are the treatises, negotiations and battles." At the same time, the fighting went in tandem with the Renaissance and was influenced by it.  
  	Before 1494, death tolls were counted in hundreds rather than thousands, but that would change over the next generation, and among the many battles fought, few stood out like the Battle of Ravenna in 1512. Ravenna is an ancient city in northern Italy on the Adriatic Coast that replaced Rome as capital of the Western Roman Empire for much of the 5th century and continued to serve as a regional center for its successor states, including the Ostrogoths, Byzantines, and Papal States. On April 11 of that year, two great armies met near Ravenna, which had been the site of conflict at least six times before on account of its strategic importance. It was a well-protected city with connections to rich Mediterranean ports, and it guarded the routes to central and southern Italy. Over 44,000 troops gathered, a vast number for the time, to fight over Italy’s destiny, which had become important to France, Austria, and Spain, the great powers of the time.

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  The Problem of China

  Bertrand Russell

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  "The Problem of China" by Bertrand Russell is a thought-provoking and insightful exploration of the social, political, and cultural challenges facing China during the early 20th century. Russell delves into the complexities of Chinese society, examining its historical context and the impact of Western influences on its development. In this book, Russell examines China's struggle to reconcile its rich cultural heritage with the pressures of modernization and foreign intervention. He delves into various topics, including the conflict between traditional values and the need for progress, the role of education in shaping Chinese society, and the impact of imperialism on China's political and economic landscape. Read in English, unabridged.

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  Sons of the Arghandab - Top Guns...

  Joseph J. Fontenot

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  Recounts the harrowing experiences of the 1-320th Field Artillery "Top Guns" Battalion as they navigated the challenges of serving as provisional infantrymen in the hostile Arghandab Valley during 2010-2011. 
   
   
   
  Sons of the Arghandab tells the story of the 1-320th Field Artillery "Top Guns" Battalion, 101st Airborne, in the Arghandab Valley, 2010-2011. 
   
   
   
  The Arghandab River Valley is known for its lush vegetation from its grape furrows and its pomegranate orchards. It's also known as the birthplace of several Taliban leaders such as Mullah Omar and Akhtar Mohammad Mansour, and was a major crossing route for weapons coming from Pakistan into Kandahar. This hostile environment had already claimed the lives of many seasoned infantrymen. But the Top Guns weren't infantrymen, they were artillerymen, deployed without their usual weapons and with minimal last-minute training, redesignated as "provisional infantrymen." Painstakingly researched by one of the Top Guns and told through the perspectives of the men who survived that terrible year, this is the harrowing story of Alpha, HHB, and Bravo Batteries as they undertook the challenges of an artillery unit charged with an infantry mission in the most hostile killing fields in Afghanistan.

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  How One Brain Chemical Fuels Our...

  Thaddeus Larkwood

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  How One Brain Chemical Fuels Our Desires and Shapes Humanity 
  ⭐⭐ Simplified Audio Guide ⭐⭐ 
  Are you eager to delve into the intricacies of human behavior and understand the underlying chemical drivers of our desires? 
  Searching for a comprehensive resource that encapsulates all you need to understand how a single brain chemical can shape humanity? 
  Your quest ends here! 
  This guide acts as your ultimate companion for deepening your understanding, applying your knowledge, and engaging with practical insights. With this, you are set for success. 
  Updated Content to Include the Latest Research Findings and Insights 
  Key features of this enriched guide: 
  - Profound insights about the role of brain chemicals in shaping human behavior 
  - Detailed explanation of how one specific chemical drives our desires 
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  Our guide stands out for its comprehensive coverage, ensuring your profound understanding. Concepts aren't merely touched upon; they are explored in depth with precision. 
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  So, why wait? Click the BUY NOW button, secure your guide, and begin your journey to mastering how brain chemicals fuel our desires and shape humanity! 
  Discover, Learn, and Apply. Embrace the journey to understanding the brain's most fascinating driver of behavior.

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