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  Phoenician Language and Writing:...

  Editors Charles River

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  There is no doubt that the alphabets and forms of writing employed by most European languages comes directly from the Phoenicians, but the process by which that took place is still a mystery. Some of the ancient historians provided theories concerning how the Phoenicians gave their alphabet and system of writing to the Greeks, and Herodotus offered an account that is probably more accurate than most. He claimed, “The Phoenicians who came with Cadmus – amongst whom were the Gephyraei – introduced into Greece, after their settlement in the country, a number of accomplishments, of which the most important was writing, an art till then, I think, unknown to the Greeks. At first, they used the same characters as all the other Phoenicians, but as time went on, and they changed their language, they also changed the shape of their letters. At that period most of the Greeks in the neighborhood were Ionians; they were also taught these letters by the Phoenicians and adopted them, with a few alterations, for their own use, continuing to refer to them as Phoenician characters – as was only right, as the Phoenicians had introduced them.”  
  Like many of Herodotus’ other passages in Histories, there is truth wrapped with some errors. The Greeks certainly knew of the concept of writing before the Phoenicians, as the Mycenaeans used the Linear B script, but that knowledge had vanished at the end of the Bronze Age (Morkot 1996, 18). Perhaps what makes Herodotus’ account accurate and most interesting is his description of how the writing evolved. He mentions how the Greeks “changed the shape of their letters”, which is the normal course when any group of people adopts a script to write their native language. For example, there are slight variations in the Latin script employed by most modern Western European languages, such as the umlauts in German or the various accents in French and Spanish.

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  Exploring the Poles: The History...

  Editors Charles River

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  Exploration of Earth’s wilderness areas became an international obsession in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as economically advantaged nations, in particular European powers and the United States were well equipped to mount exhaustive expeditions. From previously inaccessible forests and jungle country to the world’s great mountain ranges, adventurers sought out the greatest extremes of climate and terrain in a race to plant the first flag where humanity struggled to survive. 
  	An earlier wave of explorers led to the opening of the New World, and early polar expeditions saw ancient ships of various nations sail along the coastlines of Greenland and within reach of the Arctic and Antarctic continents. Many 19th century figures approached the polar region with an eye to traversing it. Most notable among them was British explorer Sir James Clark Ross, who took the Erebus and the HMS Terror to the southernmost coastlines of the planet. Ross is probably the first explorer to realize that Antarctica was a continent and not just a large chain of islands, and he discovered the section of the shelf that was to become the Victoria Barrier. Asian nations also took part in Antarctic exploration when Nobu Shirase of Japan mounted his 1911 expedition, while Sir Edgeworth David, a Welsh-Australian, was the first person to successfully reach the summit of Mt. Erebus. Richard Evelyn Byrd is believed to be the first pilot to cross the Antarctic continent, and even well past the era of great polar expeditions, British figures such as Edmund Hillary, conqueror of Mount Everest, made several expeditions to the South Pole. 
  	Nevertheless, the golden age of polar exploration of the furthermost continents did not reach its zenith until the turn of the 20th century, and national rivalries abounded between the major seafaring nations of the world.

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  Living Well with Bipolar...

  David J. Miklowitz

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  What does it take to achieve a successful career, healthy habits, and fulfilling relationships--even with bipolar disorder (BD)? 
  What common stressors do you need to look out for, and how can you cope with them? 
  No one is better suited to provide people with BD with practical problem-solving help than leading expert David J. Miklowitz. From managing mood swings to dealing with anxiety, getting enough sleep, defusing family conflicts, and troubleshooting medications, this book offers keys to effective self-care. 
  Short, easy-to-understand chapters help you tackle challenges as they arise and plan for trouble spots that lie ahead. With Dr. Miklowitz's empowering guidance, navigate your own unique path to living well.

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  Nine Guiding Principles for...

  Karyn Z. Sproles

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  Although there are more women in higher education than ever before—and increasingly in leadership positions—their paths to success are more difficult than those paved for men. Nine Guiding Principles for Women in Higher Education is a concise and accessible resource aimed at helping women faculty succeed in their academic careers. Karyn Z. Sproles offers guidance, humor, and courage to women in higher education, paying particular attention to those with children and women of color. 
   
   
   
  Based on a wide range of scholarship, stories from dozens of women, and Sproles's personal experience from thirty-four years as a professor, department chair, and dean, Nine Principles offers advice on facing down impostor syndrome; avoiding social isolation; building networks of mentors; preparing for tenure; balancing teaching, scholarship, and home life; and more. 
   
   
   
  Practical and visionary, the nine principles guide listeners from the beginning of their careers through to leadership roles. Women in academia will find the tools they need to balance success with the rest of life's demands. Each chapter ends with a quick list of advice for easy reference. Rounding out the book is a workshop section that can be used by individual listeners or as a guide for conducting workshops and faculty development programs.

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  Fort Donelson: The History of...

  Jonathan Gianos-Steinberg

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  In January of 1862, Grant persuaded General Henry “Old Brains” Halleck to allow his men to launch a campaign on the Tennessee River. As soon as Halleck acquiesced, Grant moved against Fort Henry, in close coordination with the naval command of Flag Officer Andrew Hull Foote. The combination of infantry and naval bombardment helped force the capitulation of Fort Henry on February 6, 1862, and the surrender of Fort Henry was followed immediately by an attack on Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, which earned Grant his famous nickname “Unconditional Surrender”. Grant’s forces enveloped the Confederate garrison at Fort Donelson, which included Confederate generals Simon Buckner, John Floyd, and Gideon Pillow. In one of the most bungled operations of the war, the Confederate generals tried and failed to open an escape route by attacking Grant’s forces on February 15. Although the initial assault was successful, General Pillow inexplicably chose to have his men pull back into their trenches, ostensibly so they could take more supplies before their escape. Instead, they simply lost all the ground they had taken, and the garrison was cut off yet again. 
  During the early morning hours of February 16, the garrison’s generals held one of the Civil War’s most famous councils of war. Over the protestations of cavalry officer Nathan Bedford Forrest, who insisted the garrison could escape, the three generals agreed to surrender their army, but none of them wanted to be the fall guy. General Floyd was worried that the Union might try him for treason if he was taken captive, so he turned command of the garrison over to General Pillow and escaped with two of his regiments. Pillow had the same concern and turned command over to General Buckner before escaping. Despite all of these successful escapes, General Buckner decided to surrender to Grant, and when asked for terms of surrender, Grant replied, “No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender.” 

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  What Makes You Happy: Audio...

  Andy Stanley

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  Everybody wants to be happy. Everybody is on a happiness quest. For many, happiness is measured in moments. Experiences. It's elusive. Unsustainable. What about you? What makes you happy? Something comes to mind for each of us. 
  In this six-session audio Bible study, pastor Andy Stanley examines the ways in which we tend to define happiness and explains how that definition influences the way we pursue it. He reveals that happiness is about who, not what, and that happy people are at peace with God, with others, and with themselves. He also shows how sin undermines peace because it separates us from God, others, and ourselves by substituting pleasure for fulfillment, things for people, images for intimacy, and self-expression for self-control. 
  We are often tempted to believe that happiness comes from acquiring things, but happiness is actually an outcome of what we sow in our lives. We can’t acquire, consume, or exercise our way to happiness, but we may be able to serve and volunteer our way there. In the end, we find that if we live as if it’s all about us, we will never be happy. 
  Sessions include:Nothing (17:00)Plan for It (18:00)Peace with God (16:00)Happy Money (16:30)Shoes (13:00)You’re Not Enough (18:00) 
  Designed for use with the What Makes You Happy Participant's Guide (sold separately). 
  The Audio Bible Study series provides a unique learning experience. Instead of sitting down to watch a video teaching for Bible study, listen to the same quality Bible study content on the go! Whether you listen on your commute, while walking outside, or over a lunch break, you can access high-quality audio Bible studies wherever you are. Get the most out of the teaching by diving into the accompanying study guide (sold separately) to walk through reflection questions and individual Bible study to go deeper.

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