Outros livros que poderiam interessá-lo

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  Crusades in Europe The: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  Christianity was not a state religion for its first three centuries, and it was only when Emperor Constantine the Great declared it so in the early 4th century that the Church was faced with the thorny problem of state-sanctioned violence. The first major Christian authority to justify the use of arms in defense of Church and State was Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, who wrote in the 5th century, “They who have waged war in obedience to the divine command or in conformity with His laws, have represented in their persons the public justice or the wisdom of government, and in this capacity have put to death wicked men; such persons have by no means violated the commandment, ‘Thou shalt not kill.’”  
  	This opinion gained increasing influence in Western Christianity, though in the East, the attitude was (and continues to be) more nuanced. War was tolerated as a regrettable necessity in a world wounded by sin but never blessed. Canon law enacted in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire tended to treat soldiers who had killed as sinners needing to repent, and Bishop Basil of Caesarea (d. c. 330) believed that they needed to abstain from receiving communion for three years after battle. It was not that that the Eastern Roman Empire was a particularly peaceable state–far from it, in fact: it was engaged in almost continuous warfare for its entire existence. However, its conflicts were mostly defensive in character, fighting barbarians, Persians, or Muslims, and the idea of consecrating arms for the cause of Christianity was considered alien to its spirit.  
  At the Council of Clermont in July 1095, Pope Urban II canonized religious war by urging Western Europe's nobility to take up arms in defense of the Byzantine Empire against the Muslims, thus launching the Crusades, and religious military orders such as the Knights of Saint John, the Templars, and the Hospitallers arose.

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  The Matryoshka Memoirs - A Story...

  Sasha Colby

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  Irina Nikifortchuk was nineteen years old and a Ukrainian schoolteacher when she was abducted to be a forced laborer in the Leica camera factory in Nazi Germany. Eventually pulled from the camp hospital to work as a domestic in the Leica owners' household, Irina survived the war and eventually found her way to Canada. 
   
   
   
  Decades later Sasha Colby, Irina's granddaughter, seeks out her grandmother's story over a series of summer visits and gradually begins to interweave the as-told-to story with historical research. As she delves deeper into the history of the Leica factory and World War II forced labor, she discovers the parallel story of Elsie Kühn-Leitz, Irina's rescuer and the factory heiress, later imprisoned and interrogated by the Gestapo on charges of "excessive humanity." 
   
   
   
  This is creative nonfiction at its best as the mystery of Irina's life unspools skillfully and arrestingly. Despite the horrors that the story must tell, it is full of life, humor, food, and the joy of ordinary safety in Canada. The Matryoshka Memoirs takes us into a forgotten corner of history, weaving a rich and satisfying tapestry of survival and family ties and asking what we owe those who aid us.

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  The Indonesian Famine of...

  Sarah Willards

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  The conclusion of World War II marked a pivotal turning point in Indonesia’s history. As the Japanese forces surrendered in August 1945, the vacuum left behind in their wake exposed the fragility of colonial and wartime institutions. Indonesia, long under Dutch colonial rule and occupied by Japan since 1942, was suddenly thrust into a state of political and administrative chaos. The power void that followed the Japanese capitulation was quickly filled by nationalist fervor, culminating in the proclamation of Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945. However, the declaration did not result in immediate recognition or control. Instead, the country found itself caught between competing powers and clashing agendas. 
  The collapse of Japanese administrative structures left the newly proclaimed Republic of Indonesia struggling to assert its legitimacy. Republican leaders, including Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, faced the monumental task of organizing a new government while also managing the fallout of war. Meanwhile, Dutch authorities, with Allied support, sought to re-establish their colonial presence. This led to violent confrontations and widespread instability, as various factions—including local militias, former Japanese-trained troops, and returning colonial forces—vied for control over towns, supply routes, and administrative posts. 
  The disintegration of centralized governance had far-reaching consequences. Essential services, including food distribution and public health, were severely disrupted. The chaos was further compounded by a breakdown in communication lines and transportation infrastructure, much of which had been damaged during the war or repurposed by occupying forces. With no clear authority in many regions, local leaders and grassroots organizations were left to manage crises as best they could, often with limited resources and no coordination.

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  One Nation Under the Influence -...

  Kevin A. Sabet

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  We are in the midst of the worst drug crisis in American history. What are we going to do about it?Around 100,000 Americans died of a drug overdose last year—nearly double the number who died in Vietnam. More than 1,000,000 have perished since 2000, thanks largely to an explosion of fentanyl and other addictive opioids. But fentanyl, abundant methamphetamine, and other lethal drugs are not the only things that are killing us: our policy is. So far, America has lacked the will to do better. That must change, and this book tells us how.No one is immune, which is why Kevin Sabet has authored this remarkable book. Sabet, dubbed the "the quarterback of the new anti-drug movement" by Salon, has spent most of his life battling the destructive effects of drugs. In One Nation Under the Influence, he asks hard questions and provides clear answers, taking listeners from the streets of San Francisco and New York to the southern border, up to Canada, and across to Europe to show how we can chart a necessary way forward. The solutions are out there, if only we have the will to apply them.

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  Multisolving - Creating Systems...

  Elizabeth Sawin

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  For most of Elizabeth Sawin's career, she was not a multisolver. Instead, she worked on a single, albeit immensely important problem: climate change. Despite tremendous effort, she felt like she was chasing her tail. Unless people began to recognize the multitude of unexpected benefits from ratcheting down emissions, climate change would remain a losing political issue.That experience, along with the guidance of leaders in systems thinking and racial justice, convinced her that the world's thorniest problems may be easier to tackle together than one by one. That's multisolving: using a single investment of time or money to solve many problems at the same time. Multisolving addresses the current mismatch between complex, deeply intertwined societal issues and our siloed approach to them.This unique resource is for local school boards that need revenue for their students but don't want to overtax low-income seniors. It is for nonprofits working to reduce food waste and combat the root causes of hunger while increasing racial justice. It is for seaside communities that can protect themselves from flooding while also improving biodiversity with a living coastline. It may also be for you: doing the work you know is imperative but that is sometimes overwhelming, a tiny drop in a swirling ocean.

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  From Ally to Accomplice: How to...

  Seena Hodges

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  An inappropriate comment drops during your team meeting. What happens next depends on who’s in that room. Allies stand by. Accomplices take action. Which one are you? 
  Seena Hodges has spent decades watching smart, well-meaning leaders and organizations fail this exact test. She wrote this book for everyone who's ever sat frozen in that moment to help them dig into the difficult work of becoming the best, most understanding, and empathetic versions of themselves. 
  Through personal reflections, real-life examples, data-driven strategies, a framework based on engagement and accountability, and coaching questions at the end of every chapter, you’ll develop the confidence to move to action to: 
  leverage privilege positions to challenge norms and create inclusive environments, 
  engage in difficult conversations and listen to diverse lived experiences and perspectives, 
  reflect on language, ways to show up, and the role that organizations play, 
  increase self-awareness around issues of race and racial injustice, and 
  develop an antiracist lens

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