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  Operation Northwoods: The...

  Charles River Editors

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  Throughout the history of warfare, the practice of placing blame on innocent parties in order to justify attacking them has been a constant feature. In the 20th century, this practice began to be commonly referred to as a “false flag” operation. The essence of a false flag scenario is that it is conducted by one party or government and “made to appear as though another party sponsored it.”[1] In informal legal terminology, the practice is commonly referred to as a “stitch up”[2] or “setup.”[3] The modern use of this action based on deceit originated in the 16th century, typically when ships displayed the flags of a neutral or enemy country to hide their identities. 
  	The severity of false flag operations moves in tandem with the perceived danger. In the late 20th century, the Soviet Union constituted an ongoing threat to the United States, ideologically and militarily. When Fidel Castro, a Soviet sympathizer, came to power in Cuba in 1959, the presence of a communist extension of Soviet influence so near American shores caused great discomfort to the U.S. government. 
  	Some of the Cold War’s tensest moments involved Cuba, including the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis, amply demonstrating that throughout the early 1960s, alarmed individuals within the American government believed that the only way to handle Castro was by immediate elimination and a takeover of Cuba. They were pitted against more nuanced points of view held by others within the Kennedy administration. The Pentagon was of the general mind that in such a perilous environment, military decision-making should come to the front and civilians should withdraw, even the White House. Diplomacy was seen as being of little use by the Joint Chiefs of Staff against an encroaching Soviet superpower led by a political street fighter and his puppet situated just off the coast of Florida. 	This charged atmosphere would lead to one of the most controversial proposals in history.

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  How Britain Broke the World -...

  Arthur Snell

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  Like a geopolitical version of Prisoners of Geography by Tim Marshall
  Non-fiction Editor's Choice in The Bookseller
  Topical content with foreign affairs in news (Russia/China)
  Global focus: Europe, Middle East, Russia, China, India, USA
  Ideal for anyone interested in 21st Century politics, history and International affairs

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  FDR and the Evolution of an...

  Jeffrey Engel

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  One Day University presents a series of audio lectures recorded in real-time from some of the top minds in the United States. Given by award-winning professors and experts in their field, these recorded lectures dive deep into the worlds of religion, government, literature, and social justice. The United States stands for freedom. No politician dares say otherwise, lest they seek an early retirement. But what kind of freedom, precisely, and for whom? Franklin Roosevelt offered an answer in 1941. Believing the United States had a role to play in the battle against Nazi and fascist aggression already underway in Europe, he called Americans to arms to preserve their very freedoms. Four freedoms, to be exact: freedom of speech, freedom from want, freedom of religion, and freedom from fear. Roosevelt's words helped define American politics and foreign policy for generations, but the freedoms he desired are not necessarily those espoused today. He called for freedom from want, citing the need for universal health care in particular. Yet, contemporary Americans continue to struggle to find a universal sense of how much is too much. He called for freedom of speech, yet today we debate if that applies to corporations as well as people. He called for the freedom to worship, yet not every religion is universally embraced across the political spectrum. Finally, Roosevelt promised freedom from fear, and today Americans live as fearful of the future as ever. Americans live in the shadow of FDR, but as we ponder the country's future, and as we trace the evolution of our common understanding of this term from 1941 to our present day, we need to ask as well: if we stand for freedom, can we even define it?" This audio lecture includes a supplemental PDF.

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  Exploring the Landscape of Our...

  Zen Honeycutt

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  This deep dialogue is dense with pertinent information about our food supply that is critical to the overall health of all people and most especially children. Honeycutt is a wealth of knowledge that has direct impact on all of us. She is a living example that together we can make a huge difference in the way people eat, their health, and the health of the planet.

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  A Macat Analysis of John Stuart...

  Ashleigh Campi, Lindsay...

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  One of the most significant works of political philosophy, John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty (1859) defines and defends individual liberty, a cornerstone of classical liberal thinking.
  
  Defining liberty as freedom from interference by state power or popular moral opinion, Mill justifies the individual’s right to this liberty by focusing on the role self-development plays in human well-being. His vision of individual rights extends to include freedom of thought and emotion, and the freedom to act together with others. Society should protect the development of individuality to aid both social progress and innovation.
  
  On Liberty introduces the influential “harm principle” to guide judgment about when a state or society is justified in intervening in individual affairs. Intervention is justified only when actions cause harm to another person’s interests.
  
  On Liberty has remained in print ever since it was first published—and the principles Mill outlined over 150 years ago still influence political debate today.

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  Across That Bridge - A Vision...

  John Lewis

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  Across That Bridge is the winner of the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work/Biography.In turbulent times Americans look to the civil rights movement as the apotheosis of political expression. As we confront questions of social inequality, there's no better time to revisit the lessons of the '60s and no better leader to learn from than Congressman John Lewis.In Across That Bridge, Congressman Lewis draws from his experience as a leader of the civil rights movement to offer timeless guidance to anyone seeking to live virtuously and transform the world. His wisdom, poignant recollections, and powerful ideas will inspire a new generation to usher in a freer, more peaceful society. The civil rights movement gave rise to the protest culture we know today, and the experiences of leaders like Congressman Lewis have never been more relevant.Now featuring an updated introduction from the author addressing the current administration, Across That Bridge offers a strong and moral voice to guide our nation through an era of great uncertainty."The most important lesson I have learned in the 50 years I have spent working toward the building of a better world is that the true work of social transformation starts within. It begins inside your own heart and mind, because the battleground of human transformation is really, more than any other thing, the struggle within the human consciousness to believe and accept what is true. Thus to truly revolutionize our society, we must first revolutionize ourselves. We must be the change we seek if we are to effectively demand transformation from others." (John Lewis in Across That Bridge)

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