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  Lusitania - Triumph Tragedy and...

  Greg King, Penny Wilson

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  Lusitania: She was a ship of dreams, a microcosm of the last years of the waning Edwardian Era and the coming influences of the twentieth century. When she left New York on her final voyage, she sailed from the New World to the Old. Yet an encounter with a primitive German U-Boat sent her and her gilded passengers to their tragic deaths.A hundred years after her sinking, Lusitania remains an evocative ship of mystery. Was she carrying munitions that exploded? Did Winston Churchill engineer a conspiracy that doomed the liner? Lost amid these tangled skeins is the romantic, vibrant, and heartrending tale of the passengers who sailed aboard her. Rarely was an era so glamorous. Rarely was a ship so magnificent. And rarely was the human element of tragedy so quickly lost to diplomatic maneuvers and militaristic threats.

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  Bertolt Brecht: A short...

  5 Minutes, 5 Minute Biographies,...

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  Bertolt Brecht, communist, theater genius, world citizen: Life and work in a short biography! Everything you need to know, brief and concise. Infotainment, education and entertainment at its best!

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  War of the Spanish Succession...

  Charles River Editors

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  The War of the Spanish Succession, fought at the beginning of the 18th century, was the last major war engaged in by French King Louis XIV, the legendary Sun King, and it was also the most famous of all military conflicts during his reign. While the length and the scope of the conflict are the primary reasons why people have given so much attention to it, another reason for its historical popularity is no doubt the fact that its outcome humbled the French king, to the delight of his many critics. He was, after all, the one who had given himself the lofty nickname of “the Sun King.”  
  	During this lengthy European conflict, King Louis XIV of the Bourbon dynasty was pitted against Emperor Leopold of the Habsburg Dynasty of Austria, as well as Leopold’s British and Dutch Allies. Lasting 13 years, the war spread from France and Austria to involve countries across the globe, and all of it centered on what would become of Spain’s massive empire after the death of King Carlos II, who had no obvious successor to his crown. As an only child who had no children himself, Carlos II had been sickly his entire life, but as enfeebled as he was, he did preside over a rich empire that spread all the way across the Iberian Peninsula and included European territories in Italy and the Low Countries, land in North Africa, North and South America, and even as far away as the Philippines. Such an immense and wealthy empire needed a ruler, and as King Carlos II aged and weakened, everyone wanted to know who that would be.  
  	Considering the age-old rivalry between the kingdom of France and the Austrian Empire, it is no surprise that those two powers both set their sights on the Spanish throne. As each side started to advance a claim that they were the legitimate heir to the throne, the initial idea across the continent was to find a peaceable solution that would manage to avoid a full-blown conflict.

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  The Box with the Sunflower Clasp...

  Rachel Meller

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  Rachel Meller was never close to her aunt Lisbeth, a cool, unemotional woman with a drawling Viennese-Californian accent, a cigarette in her hand. But when Lisbeth died, she left Rachel an intricately carved Chinese box with a sunflower clasp. Inside the box were photographs, letters and documents that led Rachel to uncover a story she had never known: that of a passionate Jewish teenager growing up in elegant Vienna, who was caught up by war, and forced to flee to Shanghai.
  
  Far from home, in a strange city, Lisbeth and her parents build a new life - a life of small joys and great hardship, surrounded by many others who, like them, have fled Hitler and the Nazis. 1930s Shanghai is a metropolis where the old rules do not apply - a city of fabulous wealth and crushing poverty, where disease is rife, and gangsters rub shoulders with rich emigrés; where summer brings unspeakable heat, and winter is bitterly cold; and where European refugees build community and, maybe, a young woman can find love.
  
  Set against a backdrop of the war in the Far East, The Box with the Sunflower Clasp is a sweeping family memoir that tells the hidden history of the Jews of Shanghai. Rachel Meller writes with elegance and insight as she examines what it means to survive, and what the legacy of displacement and war might mean for the generation that comes afterwards.

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  Jerusalem on Earth - Clamoring...

  Abraham Rabinovich

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  As the guns in Jerusalem fell silent in 1967 nothing could be heard across the hushed city except the faint flutter of history. Then it started again — the rumble of heavy vehicles, the unforgiving crump of explosives. This time the sounds were of bulldozers plowing through border barriers and the demise of minefields. Jewish and Arab Jerusalem were separated briefly only by a strip of neutered no-man’s-land so narrow that a boy could throw a stone across it, so filled with shadows that it was impossible to probe its depth. What would emerge from those shadows?Jerusalem on Earth is an anecdotal overview of the turbulent post-Six Day War decades. This revised edition expands on the first, published in 1988, and includes a close-up view of Mayor Teddy Kollek shaping the city during his 28-year tenure. The author covered City Hall for the Jerusalem Post during much of this period and encountered a world-class collection of visionaries and eccentrics.
  -An Australian sheepshearer who wants to be recognized as king of Judah sets fire to al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, third holiest site in Islam. Riots in the Moslem world reportedly kill thousands and Arab armies are ordered to prepare for holy war. Israeli police quickly track down the arsonist, heading off further deterioration.
  -An ultra-orthodox eccentric crossed into Jordan as a young man to obtain weapons for a revolt against the secular Zionist state. He is returned and tried. Thirty years later he invites his former prosecutor to join him in a learned debate before a packed hall on the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzche who wrote that god is dead.
  -Arab and Jewish underworlds in Jerusalem are the first economic sectors to join forces after the Six Day War. The police are not far behind, forming Arab-Jewish patrols.
  -A rare look into the inner sanctums of the Hassidic world when street conflicts break out among feuding factions. Yeshiva students “take to the mattresses” mafia-style as tensions mount.
  -The Vatican sues one of its own religious orders for selling property to a Jewish institution. Jewish lawyers expert in church law represent each side. In the end, the government aborts the sale in order to demonstrate that Israel is not out to Judaize Jerusalem. Not long afterwards, the Vatican establishes diplomatic crelations with the Jewish state.
  -Danish-born Sister Abraham, who speaks 15 languages and navigates the city on a bicycle, is the first white woman to serve as a nun in the Ethiopian church. 
  -Israeli army reserve units maintained an enclave behind Jordanian lines on Mount Scopus under UN auspices for 19 years. Years later, intelligence officers would reveal its secrets.
  - In what psychologists call "the Jerusalem syndrome" several tourists are briefly hospitalized each year when they assume the persona of biblical figures on Jerusalem’s streets.
  - The murder of two nuns, a mother and daughter, in a convent temporarily suspends hostilities between the "White Russian" church in East Jerusalem and the "Red Russian" church in West Jerusalem.
  -A Jewish family and an Arab family, both with numerous children, find themselves neighbors when the border barriers are removed. They would become virtually one family.

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  New Perspectives on the Politics...

  Roger A. Mason, John Dwyer,...

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  This collection of essays on early modern Scotland offers ‘new perspectives’ on aspects of Scottish history from 1560 to 1800. Some essays challenge accepted interpretations; others explore subjects and sources that have previously not attracted the attention of historians; all represent new research on Scottish history from the Reformation to the Enlightenment. They indicate renewed interest in an age crucial to the development of modern Scotland.  Contents: Rex Stoicus – George Buchanan, James VI and the Scottish Polity, Scotland, Antichrist and the Invention of Great Britain. Scottish Gaeldom, 1638–1651: The Vernacular Response to the Covenanting Dynamic. The Military and Ministers as Agents of Presbyterian Imperialism in England and Ireland, 1640–1648. Sackcloth for the Sinner or Punishment for the Crime? Church and Secular Courts in Cromwellian Scotland. York in Edinburgh: James VII and the Patronage of Learning in Scotland, 1679–1688. The Polite Academy and the Presbyterians, 1720–1770. Moderates, Managers and Popular Politics in mid-18th century Edinburgh: The Drysdale ‘Bustle’ of the 1760s. Paradigms and Politics: Manners, Morals and the Rise of Henry Dundas, 1770–1784. Rethinking Das Adam Smith Problem. Childhood and Society in 18th Century Scotland. The Heavenly City of the 18th Century Moderate Divines.

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