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  Saratoga and Yorktown: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  At the end of 1776, the American war effort was on the verge of collapse, and despite Washington’s success at Trenton, the British were confident that they could quell the rebellion in 1777. That winter, the British planned a complicated campaign in which British armies from Canada and New York would strike out across New England and link up, with the goal of cutting off the Northern colonies. Indeed, 1777 did prove to be the pivotal year of the war, but not in the way the British intended. 
  In December 1776, Benjamin Franklin was sent by Congress to France to attempt to secure a critically needed alliance. Franklin was an ideal choice for Enlightened France, which revered Franklin for his scientific accomplishments and his known reputation as a brilliant man. Franklin had also been a diplomat before the Revolution, spending several years in London on behalf of the colonies. However, the French refused to provide more than arms and money throughout 1777, until they learned in December 1777 about Saratoga and Burgoyne’s surrender. With that news, French King Louis XVI entered into a formal military alliance with the United States, and in February 1778, France joined the war. 
  Yorktown was a former tobacco trading post now in decline, not much bigger than a large village. But Yorktown was tucked away on the northern edge of the York peninsula in rural Virginia, and in 1781 it became the site of a brief siege between two small armies, fought with all the decorum and formality of 18th century European warfare. As he made his dispositions at Yorktown in September 1781, he had every reason to expect another British success. The ensuing siege panned out rather differently. On October 19, 1781, for just the second time during the war (the other at Saratoga), an entire British field army surrendered to the rebel patriots.

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  Ripples Across Time

  Santiago Machain

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  Ripples Across Time explores the sweeping changes that shaped Europe from the Middle Ages to the dawn of modernity. Through a series of thematic chapters, the book examines the continent’s demographic shifts, the evolution of social structures, the rise of cities and the middle class, the impact of wars and religion, and the flourishing of art, science, and literature. It delves into the forces that propelled Europe from a patchwork of feudal societies to a global powerhouse, highlighting the interplay between tradition and innovation, conflict and cooperation, and local and global influences. By tracing the ripple effects of key developments, the book offers a nuanced understanding of how Europe’s transformation not only redefined the continent but also set the stage for its expansion and enduring influence on the world.

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  Black Catholics on the Road to...

  Michael R. Heinlein, Archbishop...

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  The Church in the United States is greatly blessed by the contributions of Black Catholics and the legacy of holiness of so many men and women of color. These men and women lived lives that are worthy of our study and emulation. 
   
   
   
  In Black Catholics on the Road to Sainthood, Michael R. Heinlein provides the first book to explore the lives of the six Black Catholics from the United States whose causes are under formal consideration by the Catholic Church for canonization. Including biographies and personal reflections from diverse contributors, this book shows how these six men and women provide a model of holiness for all Catholics and people of good will. Venerable Pierre Toussaint, Venerable Henriette Delille, Venerable Father Augustus Tolton, Servant of God Mother Mary Lange, Servant of God Julia Greeley, and Servant of God Sister Thea Bowman are sources of inspiration for us all. 
   
   
   
  As we continue to pray for the advancement of their causes for canonization, all Catholics of every race can learn a great deal from these holy men and women. By their stories of faith and virtue, they show us how to respond to the call to holiness, bringing healing, reconciliation, and peace to our wounded nation and world.

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  Psycholinguistics - A Very Short...

  Fernanda Ferreira

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  This Very Short Introduction to psycholinguistics is an accessible and engaging description of how people use language. Talking and understanding language probably seem like simple and straightforward skills, but research in psycholinguistics has shown that complex computations take place behind the scenes when you communicate with others. Recent debates concerning how AI tools such as ChatGPT work highlight some of these core questions about the language faculty and how it is that humans comprehend, produce, and learn language. 
   
   
   
  The book begins with an overview of the fields of linguistics and psychology and how they have cooperated from the earliest days of psycholinguistics. Issues that are considered include: (1) How successfully do people adapt what they say to the needs of their audience when they design their phrases and sentences? (2) How do people read languages such as Chinese, which do not use an alphabetic writing system? (3) Do the size and efficiency of a person's memory affect how effectively people use language? (4) Is bilingualism cognitively advantageous, and if so, what are the mechanisms that lead to this so-called bilingual advantage? And (5) Do users of sign language gesture when they communicate? These questions and more are answered using insights from the latest research based on methods from the cognitive and neurosciences.

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  Baphomet Revealed - Mysteries...

  Heather Lynn

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  What is Baphomet? This comprehensive and accessible history sets the record straight on a captivating icon of the occult.   “Baphomet Revealed lifts the veil covering the most enduring occult symbol of our age. Heather Lynn approaches Baphomet as a scholar who is not afraid to include hints of esoteric wisdom in her research, revealing the androgynous, horned beast not as a devil, but as a pathway to spiritual perfection.”—Travis McHenry, creator of Occult Tarot and Angel Tarot   Baphomet, often misunderstood and cloaked in misinterpretations, has left an indelible mark on our collective consciousness—standing at the crossroads of the occult, religion, and the quest for arcane knowledge. Baphomet’s origins are as elusive as their symbolic form, yet we begin our inquiry with the Templars, where the name was perhaps first uttered. We trace Baphomet’s course through history, their intersections with Gnostic thought, Freemasonry, the teachings of Aleister Crowley and Eliphas Lévi, and the myriad occult groups that have drawn upon Baphomet’s potent symbolism.  Baphomet Revealed will take readers on a journey that weaves together the threads of history, symbolism, and esoteric philosophy, unraveling the tapestry of Baphomet’s enduring mystique. This provocative entity exists simultaneously as myth, magick, and symbol. Over the years, Baphomet has been called a demon, deity, and the devil himself, but Baphomet is none of these—the figure is, in reality, a symbol—a complex cipher holding within their form the keys to profound philosophical and esoteric truths.   Author Heather Lynn draws extensively from primary sources, including historical depictions and magical seals associated with Baphomet, inviting readers to engage with the symbol directly. By melding rigorous academic inquiry with a spirit of open-minded exploration, Baphomet Revealed aims to shed new light on this shadowy figure, illuminating Baphomet’s proper place in the annals of human thought and spiritual endeavor.

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  How to Have a Life - An Ancient...

  Seneca

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  A vibrant new translation of Seneca's "On the Shortness of Life," a pointed reminder to make the most of our time 
   
   
   
  Who doesn't worry sometimes that smart phones, the Internet, and TV are robbing us of time and preventing us from having a life? How can we make the most of our time on earth? In the first century AD, the Stoic philosopher Seneca the Younger offered one of the most famous answers to that question in his essay "On the Shortness of Life"—a work that has more to teach us today than ever before. In How to Have a Life, James Romm presents a vibrant new translation of Seneca's brilliant essay, plus two Senecan letters on the same theme, complete with an inviting introduction. 
   
   
   
  With devastating satiric wit, skillfully captured in this translation, Seneca lampoons the ways we squander our time and fail to realize how precious it is. We don't allow people to steal our money, yet we allow them to plunder our time, or else we give it away ourselves in useless, idle pursuits. Seneca also describes how we can make better use of our brief days and years. In the process, he argues, we can make our lives longer, or even everlasting, because to live a real life is to attain a kind of immortality.

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