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  The History of France Under...

  Editors Charles River

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  Emerging from France's catastrophic 1940 defeat like a bedraggled and rather sinister phoenix, the French State – better known to history as “Vichy France” or the “Vichy Regime” after its spa-town capital – stands in history as a unique and bizarre creation of German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler's European conquests. A patchwork of paradoxes and contradictions, the Vichy Regime maintained a quasi-independent French nation for some time after the Third Reich invasion until the Germans decided to include it in their occupation zone. Headed by a French war hero of World War I, Marshal Philippe Petain, and his later Prime Minister Pierre Laval, Vichy France displayed strong right-wing, conservative, and authoritarian tendencies, though it never lapsed fully into fascism until the Germans arrived to reduce its role to little more than a mask over their own dominion. Petain carried out several major initiatives in an effort to counteract the alleged “decadence” of modern life and to restore the strength and “virtues” of the French “race.” Accordingly, he received willing support from more conservative elements of society, even some factions within the Catholic Church.  
  Of course, not all French people proved willing to surrender to the Nazi invaders, however. While large numbers “collaborated” – working for German or Vichy companies to provide for themselves or their families – and some wholeheartedly backed the new regime out of opportunism, fascist conviction, or other motivations, many courageous French resisted the Nazis and the quisling Vichy state. At the same time, despite the legends, the French Resistance never grew into a single unified organization. Rather, it remained divided in several major and numerous minor factions, each with their own philosophy and agenda. While these factions all shared the same goal – opposition to the Germans their Vichy pawns – they viewed each other with some suspicion and sometimes cooperated only grudgingly.

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  Authors Edge The

  Marlene Mesot

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  This collection of 80 poems is meant to bring encouragement and inspiration to anyone who has ever thought, or dreamed, of writing, whether personally or professionally. Writing takes many forms, whether it’s a letter, diary, blog, article, story, play, poem or novel. I will confess my writing leans in favor of fiction. 
  These poems are also meant for readers because we cannot have one without the other. The goal of any author is to have universal appeal. Thank you for considering the work of this author. 
    
  “Poetry is music in words.” 
  Marlene Mesot 
  Forward by award-winning artist/author Lynda McKinney Lambert.

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  From Generosity to Justice - A...

  Darren Walker

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  Andrew Carnegie wrote his original "Gospel of Wealth" in 1889, during the height of the gilded age, when the country's 4,000 richest families held almost as much wealth as the other 11.6 million American families combined. His essay laid the foundation for modern philanthropy.
  Today, we find ourselves in a new gilded age—defined by levels of inequality that far surpass those of Carnegie's time. The widening chasm between haves and have-nots demands our immediate attention.
  Now is the time for a new "Gospel of Wealth."
  In From Generosity to Justice: A New Gospel of Wealth, Darren Walker, president of the Ford Foundation, articulates a bold vision for philanthropy in the twenty-first century. With contributions from an array of thinkers, activists, and leaders including Ai-jen Poo, Laurene Powell Jobs, David Rockefeller Jr., and Dr. Elizabeth Alexander, Walker challenges and emboldens readers to consider philanthropy as a tool for achieving economic, social, and political justice.
  That task requires humility, moral courage, and an unwavering commitment to democratic values and institutions. It demands that all members of society recognize their own privilege and position, address the root causes of social ills, and seek out and listen to those who live amid and experience injustice.
  What began in Carnegie's day as a manual for generosity now becomes a guide that moves us closer to justice—a guide that helps each of us find a way to contribute.
  Justice is calling. It's time we answer.

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  The Chile Project - The Story of...

  Sebastian Edwards

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  In The Chile Project, Sebastian Edwards tells the story of how the neoliberal economic model came to an end in 2021, when Gabriel Boric was elected president, vowing that "If Chile was the cradle of neoliberalism, it will also be its grave." More than a story about one Latin American country, The Chile Project is a behind-the-scenes history of the spread and consequences of the free-market thinking that dominated economic policymaking around the world in the second half of the twentieth century—but is now on the retreat. 
   
   
   
  In 1955, the United States State Department launched the "Chile Project" to train Chilean economists at the University of Chicago. After General Augusto Pinochet overthrew socialist president Salvador Allende in 1973, Chile's "Chicago Boys" implemented the purest neoliberal model for the next seventeen years, undertaking a package of privatization and deregulation, creating a modern capitalist economy, and sparking talk of a "Chilean miracle." But under the veneer of success, a profound dissatisfaction with the inequalities caused by neoliberalism was growing. In 2019, protests erupted throughout the country, and in 2022 Boric began his presidency with a clear mandate: to end neoliberalismo. 
   
   
   
  The Chile Project provides an important new perspective on the history of neoliberalism and its global decline today.

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  The Coronation

  Charles Eisenstein

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  Renowned public speaker, bestselling author, social critic, and activist Charles Eisenstein offers a way forward from our present moment through a series of unforgettable essays that give us a new model of sense-making. Through a series of piercing essays, The Coronation takes listeners through the initiation of the Covid era?exploring topics like despair, hope, courage, division, and reunion?in this stunning collection. Paired with each essay is the author’s commentary locating the essay in a social, political, and spiritual journey. After all, it wasn’t only outward normality that the pandemic disrupted. Of all the social crises that COVID-19 has revealed, The Coronation addresses the most profound: the crisis in our sense-making. An old reality has disintegrated. This book reveals just how deep that breakdown is. Acknowledging it, we might build something more sound, more whole, and more sane. Underneath the shifting sands of the arguments and narratives, something else calls to us: the possibility of renewal, a revolution in the agreements and myths that organize society. *Individually, these essays have been read, shared, and discussed by tens of thousands of people around the globe, but they are collected together here for the first time!

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  First Guns The: The History and...

  Editors Charles River

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  The Chinese developed what were later dubbed the “Four Great Inventions of China,” and one of those was none other than gunpowder, which was developed no later than the 9th century and was being used for military purposes by the 11th century. Its use slowly spread through South Asia and the Middle East before making it to Europe in the late 13th century.  
  For a time it was a mere curiosity, but its destructive power and military potential would be realized quickly. The first record of a cannon in Europe comes from a manuscript written in 1326, which has an illustration showing an armored man with what looks like a slow match lighting a vase-shaped object. This crude cannon was called a pot de fer in French and vasi in Italian.  
  While medieval engineers developed new types of cannons and explosives capable of destroying walls and castles, others were making the first handguns possible. European sources first mentioned the widespread use of handgonnes, as they were often called, in the late 14th century, precisely the time when gunpowder became cheaper. These were short metal barrels stuck on the end of wooden hafts that could be tucked under the arm, the powder being lit through a touchhole with the free hand. While they were not terribly accurate and had a shorter range and slower rate of fire than longbows or crossbows, they had the advantage of being better able to punch through armor than longbows and crossbows, and they were simple to make and use.  
  By the late 15th century, handgonners had become a major part of the leading armies, and weapons that relied on gunpowder would remain a staple of warfare throughout the 19th century, paying deadly homage to one of history’s most important inventions. Of course, that would also bring about innovative new military strategies, and some of the first people to think outside of the box would be credited with putting together the makings of the first modern armies. 

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