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Yaşam Felsefesi - cover

Yaşam Felsefesi

Immanuel Kant

Publisher: E-Kitap Projesi & Cheapest Books

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Summary

Kitabin baslica vasfi olarak, Antik Yunan polisinden gunumuze uzanan yolda, cocuk ve genc yetistirmenin kamusal ve insanî onemini ortaya koyarken, fizikî, ahlâkî ve kulturel yonleriyle bir butun olarak egitim felsefesi uzerine kaleme alinmis en temel eserlerden biri olmasi gosterilebilir.  Bu noktada, Rousseau'nun, "Tum yazdiklarim icinde en iyi eserim" diye takdim ettigi Emile'in 1762'de yayinlandiginda lanetlenip, 30 yil sonra, Fransiz Devrimi'nin onculeri icin Fransiz milli egitiminin ilham kaynagi addedildigi dikkate alindiginda, Kant'in egitim uzerine sarf ettigi sozlerin tarihsel ve toplumsal baglami da ortaya cikar. 18.yuzyilin ortalarindan 19.yuzyilin baslarina dek gecen bir omurluk surede kita Avrupasi buyuk bir dogumun sancilariyla sarsilmaktadir. Oncesi ve sonrasi diye tarihi ikiye ayiran Cifte Devrim (Sanayi ve Fransiz Devrimi) buyuk bir zihinsel donusume yol acmak uzeredir. Kant'i buyuten, ya da buyuklugune ayrica deger katan bir unsur da, onun iste bu cagin insani olmasidir.  Kant, 1806'daki Jena Savasini ve Napoleon isgalinin Alman milleti uzerinde yarattigi sok ve dehseti goremeden vefat etse de, Wilhelm von Humboldt gibi egitim reformculari araciligiyla Prusya (genel itibariyla da Alman) egitim sistemi icin ne denli onemli bir yol actigini tum kitap boyunca seziyor gibidir. Bununla birlikte Kant'inEgitim Uzerine'si, milli dilde ibadet edip, okumayi yazmayi tesvik eden Luhterci gelenegin Pietizmle kendini yenilemis ve Buyuk Frederich tarafindan tesvik edilmis olan egitim anlayisinin olgunlasma caginin da bir urunudur. Bu sebeple, kitabin tamamina hâkim olan motif, Aydinlanmaci bir "icsel ozgurlesim" ve "ruhanî terbiye" arasinda kurulmasi gereken buyuk dengedir.  Bu arka plani dikkate alarak, simdi kitaba biraz daha yakindan bakabiliriz… Egitim Uzerine, memleketin saygin cevirmenlerinden biri olan Ahmet Aydogan'in sunus ve onsozuyle basliyor. Ustu kapali fakat sitem dolu bir degerlendirme yazisi olan "'Sapere Aude!' Diye Ciktik Yola", Kant'a sozu teslim etmeden evvel, 30 sayfada, Kant'in dusunce dunyasindan ne denli uzakta kaldigimizin elestirisini yapiyor. Bu arada, kitabin ortaya cikis oykusune de 22.sayfada aciklayici bir notla yer veriliyor. Koningsberg Universitesi'nde muhtelif zamanlarda verilen dersler icin hazirlanan notlardan derlendigi anlasilan Egitim Uzerine, modern Turkce'nin bir felsefe dili olamamasinin da etkisiyle, cesitli dipnotlar araciligiyla kavramlarin ve kelimelerin daha anlasilir kilindigi bir hâlde okura sunuluyor.  "Insan Egitilmesi Gereken Bir Varliktir": Kant, dusuncelerini temellendirdigi giris sayfalarinda insanin egitime muhtac ten varlik oldugu gerceginden hareket ediyor ve insanin ancak egitimle insan olabilecegini dile getiriyor. Egitime yonelik bu yaklasim, Kant'in idealizm felsefesinin gerceklesmesine giden yolu acan anahtarlardan biri sayilabilir..
Available since: 12/04/2024.
Print length: 600 pages.

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