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  Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám The...

  Omar Khayyám

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  Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. The Rubáiyát is a collection of poems, originally written in the Persian language and of which there are about a thousand, attributed to the Persian mathematician and astronomer Omar Khayyám (1048 – 1123). Rubaiyat" (derived from the Arabic root word for 4) means "quatrains": verses of four lines." (summary from Wikipedia.)

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  From Hormones to Neurons -...

  Brian Gibson

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  In the tumultuous landscape of adolescence, a period marked by profound transformation and discovery, the interplay between hormones and brain development forms the cornerstone of human growth. "From Hormones to Neurons: Understanding Puberty's Role in Adolescent Brain Evolution And The Role of Technology" delves into the intricate biological processes that shape the adolescent mind and explores how modern technology influences this critical stage of life. This book aims to unravel the complexities of puberty, illustrating how hormonal changes trigger a cascade of neural developments that underpin emotional, cognitive, and social maturation. 
  Physical changes and significant brain structure and function reconfigurations mark the journey from childhood to adulthood. Moreover, in an era where technology permeates every aspect of life, understanding its role in adolescent development is more critical than ever. This book addresses how digital engagement — from social media and video games to educational platforms — interacts with the brain's evolving landscape. The dual influence of biology and technology presents a unique framework for comprehending the contemporary adolescent experience.

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  Modern Zimbabwe: The History of...

  Charles River Editors

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  The modern history of Africa was, until very recently, written on behalf of the indigenous races by the white man, who had forcefully entered the continent during a particularly hubristic and dynamic phase of European history. In 1884, Prince Otto von Bismark, the German chancellor, brought the plenipotentiaries of all major powers of Europe together, to deal with Africa's colonization in such a manner as to avoid provocation of war. This event—known as the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885—galvanized a phenomenon that came to be known as the Scramble for Africa. The conference established two fundamental rules for European seizure of Africa. The first of these was that no recognition of annexation would granted without evidence of a practical occupation, and the second, that a practical occupation would be deemed unlawful without a formal appeal for protection made on behalf of a territory by its leader, a plea that must be committed to paper in the form of a legal treaty. 
  This began a rush, spearheaded mainly by European commercial interests in the form of Chartered Companies, to penetrate the African interior and woo its leadership with guns, trinkets and alcohol, and having thus obtained their marks or seals upon spurious treaties, begin establishing boundaries of future European African colonies. The ease with which this was achieved was due to the fact that, at that point, traditional African leadership was disunited, and the people had just staggered back from centuries of concussion inflicted by the slave trade. Thus, to usurp authority, to intimidate an already broken society, and to play one leader against the other was a diplomatic task so childishly simple, the matter was wrapped up, for the most part, in less than a decade.

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  Sasanian Empire - Ancient...

  Kelly Mass

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  The Sasanian Empire, often referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the last significant Iranian empire before the Muslim invasions of the 7th and 8th centuries AD. Named after the House of Sasan, this empire lasted nearly four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty. The Sasanian Empire emerged during late antiquity, succeeding the Parthian Empire and re-establishing Persian prominence in the region, rivaling the Roman Empire (later known as the Byzantine Empire after 395 AD). 
  Ardashir I, an Iranian prince, founded the Sasanian Empire following the decline of Parthia, which was weakened by internal strife and pressures from Rome. After defeating the last Parthian king, Artabanus IV, at the Battle of Hormozdgan in 224, Ardashir set out to restore the glory of the Achaemenid Empire by expanding Iran's territories. Under the Sasanian rule, the empire stretched from the eastern Mediterranean, including Anatolia and Egypt, to parts of modern-day Pakistan. It also extended across southern Arabia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. According to mythology, the Derafsh Kaviani served as the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire. 
  The Sasanian period was marked by significant advancements in culture, architecture, and religion. Zoroastrianism became the state religion, shaping the empire's identity and influencing its governance. The Sasanians promoted a rich cultural life, characterized by advancements in art, science, and philosophy. They established grand cities with impressive architecture, including palaces, fire temples, and public spaces that highlighted their achievements.

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  Introduction to The Philosophy...

  Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

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  The introduction to Hegel's lectures on the philosophy of world history is often used to introduce students to Hegel's philosophy, in part because Hegel's sometimes difficult style is muted in the lectures, and he discourses on accessible themes such as world events in order to explain his philosophy. Much of the work is spent defining and characterizing Geist or spirit. Geist is similar to the culture of people, and is constantly reworking itself to keep up with the changes of society, while at the same time working to produce those changes through what Hegel called the "cunning of reason". Another important theme of the text is the focus on world history, rather than regional or state history. The obscure writings of Jakob Böhme had a strong effect on Hegel. Böhme had written that the Fall of Man was a necessary stage in the evolution of the universe. This evolution was, itself, the result of God's desire for complete self-awareness. Hegel was fascinated by the works of Spinoza, Kant, Rousseau, and Goethe, and by the French Revolution. Modern philosophy, culture, and society seemed to Hegel fraught with contradictions and tensions, such as those between the subject and object of knowledge, mind and nature, self and Other, freedom and authority, knowledge and faith, the Enlightenment and Romanticism. Hegel's main philosophical project was to take these contradictions and tensions and interpret them as part of a comprehensive, evolving, rational unity that, in different contexts, he called "the absolute idea" or "absolute knowledge". According to Hegel, the main characteristic of this unity was that it evolved through and manifested itself in contradiction and negation. Contradiction and negation have a dynamic quality that at every point in each domain of reality—consciousness, history, philosophy, art, nature, society—leads to further development until a rational unity is reached that preserves the contradictions as phases and sub-parts through an up-lifting (Aufhebung) into a higher unity. This whole is mental because it is mind that can comprehend all of these phases and sub-parts as steps in its own process of comprehension. It is rational because the same, underlying, logical, developmental order underlies every domain of reality and is ultimately the order of self-conscious rational thought, although only in the later stages of development does it come to full self-consciousness. The rational, self-conscious whole is not a thing or being that lies outside of other existing things or minds. Rather, it comes to completion only in the philosophical comprehension of individual existing human minds who, through their own understanding, bring this developmental process to an understanding of itself. (summary by wikipedia and d.e. wittkower)

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  Embrace Your Shadows: Awaken the...

  Ronan Ashgrave

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  Embrace Your Shadows: Awaken the Power Within You 
  ⭐⭐ Simplified Audio Guide with Explanations ⭐⭐ 
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  Updated to reflect the latest insights for 2024-2025. 
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  Our guide stands out with its thorough coverage, which is critical for achieving your goals. Concepts are explored with clarity, ensuring you gain a deep understanding rather than a superficial overview. 
  Crafted with a clear structure and straightforward language, "Embrace Your Shadows" facilitates seamless navigation through topics. Bid farewell to complex jargon and embrace content that is clear, concise, and highly informative. 
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