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  Warfare in Ancient Greece: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  Although the armies of the ancient Greek, or “Hellenic”, city-states (poleis, singular polis) included both cavalry (hippeis) and light infantry (psiloi, peltastes, gymnetes), their mainstay was undoubtedly the heavy infantry known today as hoplites. Armed to the teeth with their distinctive round shield (aspis or hoplon), high-crested helmet (corys) and long spear (dory), the hoplites were some of the most efficient soldiers of their time. They fought in the tight phalanx formation, and beyond the confines of their small poleis, Greek hoplites were also prized as mercenaries throughout the ancient world.  
  	Most historians believe that the hoplite became the dominant infantry soldier in nearly all the Greek city-states around the 8th century BCE. Hoplites were responsible for acquiring their own equipment, so not every hoplite might have been equally armed, but considering the style of warfare, they needed as much uniformity as possible. Like most infantry outside of Greece, the hoplites also carried spears, but while the Persian weapons were short and light for example, the Greek spears were thick shafts anywhere between seven and nine feet long. These spears were topped by a 9-inch spearhead, with a “lizard-sticker” buttspike at the bottom which could be used as a secondary spearhead if the main weapon was snapped off, or to plant the spear upright when at rest. Each hoplite also carried a shortsword, designed specifically for thrusting in the close confines of a melee (the Spartan weapon, the xiphos, was so short as to be virtually a dagger, its blade barely over a foot long).  
  It was only with the advent of the more mobile Roman legion, and the defeat of phalanxes in battles like Cynoscephalae (197 BCE) and Pydna (168 BCE), that the hoplite phalanx was finally outclassed

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  William Shakespeare - The True...

  Liam Dale

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  Mentioning William Shakespeare to English students worldwide elicits a range of reactions, from indifference to dread. 
   
  When approaching the works of a literary giant like Shakespeare, three perspectives must be considered. First, there are the writer's literary creations, such as novels, plays, and poems, for readers to explore. 
   
  Secondly, it's essential to place the author's work within the context of the society in which they lived. This doesn't entail an exhaustive history lesson but rather a snapshot of the author's life and era, which this journal provides. 
   
  Explore: 
  - William Shakespeare's life, from birth to passing 
  - His family life and places of residence 
  - The significance of the Globe Theatre 
  - Analysis of characterizations in his plays 
  - Deconstructing his works 
  - A closer look at plays like Twelfth Night, Romeo & Juliet, and Macbeth 
  - Helpful tips for students studying his literature

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  Russia's War on Everybody - And...

  Keir Giles

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  Russia's 2022 attack on Ukraine saw confrontation between Moscow and the West spill over into open conflict once again. But Russia has also been waging a clandestine war against the West for decades. Hostile acts abroad, from poisoning dissidents to shooting down airliners, interfering in elections, spying, hacking, and murdering, have long seemed to be the Kremlin's daily business. But what is it all for? Why does Russia consistently behave like this? And what does it achieve? 
   
   
   
  In this book, Keir Giles explains how and why Russia pushes for more power and influence wherever it can reach, far beyond Ukraine—and what it means not just for governments, but for ordinary people. Bringing together stories from the military, politics, diplomacy, espionage, cyber power, organized crime, and more, Giles describes how Moscow conducts its campaigns across the globe, and how nobody is too unimportant to be caught up in them. By lifting the lid on the daily struggle going on behind the scenes to protect governments, businesses, societies, and people from Russian hostile activity, Russia's War On Everybody shows how Moscow's hostile intentions for the rest of the world are far broader and more ambitious, and the ways it tries to achieve them far more pervasive and damaging, than we realize.

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  Overcoming Anticipatory Anxiety...

  PhD Martin N. Seif, PsyD Sally...

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  Do you automatically assume the worst-case-scenario when faced with difficulty? Do you stress about situations that haven't happened yet, or find yourself anticipating disaster around every corner? Does the prospect of making a decision leave you feeling overwhelmed and paralyzed? From subtle avoidance behaviors to the most nightmarish terrors, anticipatory anxiety is the engine that drives it all. Understanding how this hidden enemy tricks you, and, most importantly, how to overcome it, will liberate you to live a more flexible and joyful life. 
   
   
   
  In Overcoming Anticipatory Anxiety, two anxiety experts team up to teach you how to manage your overactive imagination, limit future-based thinking, face your fears, make decisions, and live with more freedom and joy. This must-have guide is grounded in the authors' innovative and easy-to-remember DANCE model: Discern your anticipatory anxiety; Accept doubts and discomfort; No struggling or avoiding; Commit to proceed; and Embrace the present as it is, so you can get on with your life. 
   
   
    
  It's time to stop worrying about what might happen, start facing your fears, rein in your self-defeating imagination, and live fully in the moment. Get this book and discover the motivation and skills needed to take charge of your anticipatory anxiety.

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  Sexuality and Prison Emotional...

  Arnaud Gaillard

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  How do the 60,000 people incarcerated in France experience their sexuality? If it seems unthinkable today not to care for and feed prisoners, it will no doubt seem incomprehensible that the prison of the 21st century has not been able to integrate respect for the right to intimacy as an essential element of human dignity. The deprivation and control of sexual relations in prison represents an additional punishment for prisoners and their families, who feel the injustice of it all.
  An ambitious study was needed to go beyond stereotypes, particularly when it comes to prostitution, rape and homosexuality within prison walls. In prison, it's hard to avoid regression to a solitary, pornographic sexuality. Marital sexuality is furtive and humiliating, stolen from the gaze of prison guards. A general situation that runs counter to the State's stated ambitions in terms of rehabilitation and the fight against recidivism.
  This groundbreaking sociological document is also a fascinating human investigation. Sixty men and women detained in France were interviewed on a regular basis. Testimonies were gathered from several foreign countries. The author was also able to interview prison and medical-social staff. He then questions the nature and use of confinement, putting it into perspective with a justice system that is all too often misunderstood.

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  Politics: A Treatise on...

  Aristotle

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  "Politics: A Treatise on Government" is a classic work of political philosophy written by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. The book is one of the most influential works in the history of political thought and is widely regarded as one of the foundational texts of Western political theory. 
  In "Politics", Aristotle sets out to examine the nature of political communities and to provide a systematic analysis of different forms of government. He discusses the virtues and vices of various political systems, including democracy, oligarchy, and tyranny, and he explores the idea of the ideal state and how it might be achieved. 
  The book is organized into eight books, each of which covers a different topic related to political theory. These topics include the nature of political communities, the role of the individual in society, the different forms of government, the relationship between the ruler and the ruled, the importance of law and justice, and the role of education in the formation of citizens. 
  Aristotle's approach is characterized by a deep concern for the practical problems of politics and a belief that the best form of government is one that is grounded in the virtues of its citizens. He also emphasizes the importance of the rule of law, the separation of powers, and the need for checks and balances in order to prevent the abuse of power. 
  Overall, "Politics" is a complex and nuanced work of political philosophy that remains relevant and influential today. It continues to be studied and debated by scholars and politicians alike, and its ideas have played a significant role in the development of Western political thought.

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