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  Fascism: What It Is And How To...

  Leon Trotsky

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  Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. He was one of the leaders of the Russian October Revolution, second only to Vladimir Lenin. During the early days of the Soviet Union, he served first as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the founder and commander of the Red Army and People's Commissar of War. He was also among the first members of the Politburo. 
  Why fascism was able to conquer only in those countries where social democratic or Stalinist parties blocked the workers and their allies from utilizing a revolutionary situation to remove the capitalists from power. There is a scientific analysis of fascism. It was made by the exiled Bolshevik revolutionary Leon Trotsky not as a postmortem, but during the rise of fascism. This was — along with his analysis of the nature of Stalinism — Trotsky's greatest contribution to Marxist theory. He began the task after Mussolini's victory in Italy in 1922 and brought itto ahigh pointin the years preceding Hitler'striumphin Germany in 1933.

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  Taming Urban Indians - Outlook...

  Allister Robert

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  Callousness towards lack of civic sense which you would have experienced and insights on desired etiquettes are drawn in this publication on non-prescriptive tangents. 
  Intriguing and inspiring, it throws light on propriety deficiencies widely considered trivial in urban India, through compelling stories and real life experiences.

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  Patrick Henry's Give Me Liberty...

  Patrick Henry

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  Patrick Henry’s Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death speech, delivered on March 23, 1775, is one of the most powerful orations in American history. Addressing the Virginia Convention, Henry’s passionate plea for freedom from British rule helped ignite the flames of the American Revolution. His bold declaration, “Give me liberty, or give me death!” has since become a symbol of the fight for independence and human rights. 
  Narrated by Gary Middleton, this audiobook brings Patrick Henry’s stirring words to life, capturing the intensity and urgency of the moment. Whether you’re a student of history or simply an admirer of powerful rhetoric, this speech is an essential listen for understanding the spirit of the American Revolution.

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  Nationalized Politics -...

  Joel Sievert, Jamie L. Carson,...

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  In the United States, politics has become increasingly nationalized in recent years as voter decision-making is now driven by partisan or national political forces rather than the attributes of individual candidates. Indeed, voters now seem more concerned with which of the two national parties will be in power across all levels of government as opposed to which candidate will represent them individually. 
   
   
   
  Nationalized Politics asks and answers the question, "how has nationalization influenced elections across different political eras?" Jamie L. Carson, Joel Sievert, and Ryan D. Williamson look at historical variation in nationalization through an analysis of congressional elections from 1840 to 2020. By examining roughly 180 years of elections, the authors leverage considerable differences in electoral competition, electoral rules, nationalization, polarization, and partisan advantage via the incumbency advantage. Moreover, Carson, Sievert, and Williamson employ a unique survey design to capture citizen attitudes toward the nationalization of politics to further consider the question of how nationalization is currently shaping politics. Providing a comprehensive history of US congressional elections, Nationalized Politics illustrates the roots of the current electoral landscape in the US.

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  The Social Construction of...

  Fred Grandsen

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  The concept of social construction challenges the idea that reality exists independently of human perception. Instead, it argues that much of what people take for granted as "real" is actually the result of social interactions, shared meanings, and cultural influences. This perspective does not deny the existence of a material world but emphasizes that human understanding of this world is shaped by society. From values and norms to institutions and identities, social construction theory suggests that reality is not simply discovered but created through collective human agreement. 
  One of the foundational aspects of social construction is the distinction between objective reality and socially constructed reality. Objective reality refers to things that exist independently of human beliefs, such as gravity or biological processes. In contrast, socially constructed reality consists of meanings, categories, and interpretations that humans assign to objects, actions, and relationships. For example, money has no intrinsic value beyond the materials it is made from; its worth comes from a collective belief in its function as a medium of exchange. Similarly, concepts like race, gender, and even time are shaped by cultural and historical contexts rather than existing as fixed, natural categories.

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  Confronting Saddam Hussein -...

  Melvyn P. Leffler

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  America's decision to go to war in Iraq in 2003 is arguably the most important foreign policy choice of the entire post–Cold War era. Nearly two decades after the event, it remains central to understanding current international politics and US foreign relations. 
   
   
   
  In Confronting Saddam Hussein, the eminent historian of US foreign policy Melvyn P. Leffler analyzes why the US chose war and who was most responsible for the decision. Employing a unique set of personal interviews with dozens of top officials and declassified American and British documents, Leffler vividly portrays the emotions and anxieties that shaped the thinking of the president after the shocking events of 9/11. He shows how fear, hubris, and power influenced Bush's approach to Saddam Hussein's Iraq. At the core of Leffler's account is his compelling portrait of Saddam Hussein. Rather than stressing Bush's preoccupation with promoting freedom or democracy, Leffler emphasizes Hussein's brutality, opportunism, and unpredictability and illuminates how the Iraqi dictator's record of aggression and intransigence haunted the president and influenced his calculations. Throughout, Leffler highlights the harrowing anxieties surrounding the decision-making process after the devastating attack on 9/11 and explains the roles of contingency, agency, rationality, and emotion.

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