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  Proclaim Liberty Throughout All...

  Mark David Hall

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  Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land demonstrates that Christianity is responsible for advancing liberty and equality for all Americans. 
   
   
   
  Scholars and popular authors regularly claim that Christianity, at least orthodox Christianity, has fostered oppression and intolerance. A common narrative is that liberty and equality have been advanced primarily when America's leaders embrace progressive manifestations of religion or reject faith altogether. 
   
   
   
  This book demonstrates that Christianity is responsible for advancing liberty and equality for all citizens. Throughout American history, Christians have been motivated by their faith to create fair and just institutions, fight for political freedom, oppose slavery, and secure religious liberty for all. 
   
   
   
  The New York Times's 1619 Project is only a recent and prominent manifestation of the tendency of journalists, academics, and popular writers to portray American Christianity as a force of oppression and intolerance. Without shying away from the ways in which the Christian faith has been used to defend and even encourage harmful practices, Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land shows that it has far more often been a force for good.

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  The Rise of Capitalism - How...

  Arlo Holders

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  The origins of capitalism can be traced back to the gradual shift from feudal economies to market-based systems. In medieval Europe, wealth was primarily tied to land ownership, with a rigid social hierarchy that limited economic mobility. The feudal system depended on agrarian production, where peasants worked the land owned by nobles in exchange for protection. However, as trade expanded and urban centers grew, the foundations of capitalism began to emerge. 
  One of the earliest indicators of this transformation was the rise of merchant guilds and early banking systems. As trade routes connected Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, merchants sought more efficient ways to conduct business, leading to the establishment of guilds that regulated commerce and maintained quality standards. Banking families, such as the Medici in Renaissance Italy, played a crucial role in financing trade and investment, paving the way for modern financial institutions. The shift toward money-based transactions rather than bartering allowed wealth to accumulate outside the traditional feudal framework. 
  Another key development was the concept of private property and individual ownership. In the late medieval period, the enclosure movement in England marked a significant departure from communal farming practices. Landowners began fencing off common lands for private use, displacing many rural laborers and forcing them to seek employment in emerging industries. This shift not only created a labor force for industrial production but also reinforced the idea that property and capital could be owned, bought, and sold freely—an essential pillar of capitalism.

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  Whose Language Is English?

  Jieun Kiaer

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  Whose language is English? Although we often think of it as native to one place, today there are many Englishes. About seventy-five countries are now using English as their official or first language, and the number of people speaking it around the world continues to rise. But the makeup of the English-speaking population is changing. The proportion of speakers for whom English is a first language is decreasing, due to the explosion in popularity of English as a second language. 
   
   
    
  In this ambitious book, Jieun Kiaer explores the lives of English words in the twenty-first century, when the creation and use of language has become an increasingly dynamic, interactive, and diverse process in which ordinary people have taken leading roles—offering such coinages as "flexitarian," "MeToo," "glow up," and "shitizen" to "No sabo kids" and beyond. As English language grows ever more diverse, Kiaer believes, we need a paradigm shift. We must acknowledge that all varieties of English are languages in their own right when they are used by a community of speakers. English is a language that belongs to everyone. 
   
   
    
  Considering the effects of social media, the Covid-19 pandemic, virtual work, globalization, and artificial intelligence, Kiaer paints a compelling portrait of a rapidly evolving language characterized by creativity and democratization.

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  The Socratic Dialogues -...

  Plato

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  The influence of Plato, his Dialogues and his ‘Academy’, cast a long shadow. Around 35 Dialogues, almost all featuring Socrates as the principal figure, are generally ascribed to Plato and form one of the most important threads in Western philosophy  These four Dialogues may fall into the ‘Attributed Texts’ category, but they are of sufficient interest to warrant study in our time and when set against the principal canon.  
   
  The recording opens with Alcibiades I. Socrates’ interlocuter is well known as a young, charismatic figure of the time, and appears in the Symposium and Protagoras. The subject under discussion is justice and injustice. Socrates questions the over-confident Alcibiades about his understanding of these issues, which is crucial for someone about to play an active role in public life. It is the longest Dialogue of the four. 
   
  Hippias is another young man. A Sophist, brimming with the confidence of youth to the extent of being vain and boastful. He appears in two Dialogues on this recording, the Lesser Hippias and the Greater Hippias. The Lesser Hippias is a witty and lively conversation in which Hippias is keen to display his abilities only to be shaken by patient questioning by the astute Socrates. The Greater Hippias, a discussion about beauty, contains some interesting elements, while also showing how the form became diluted in the hands of lesser followers of Plato.  
   
  The final Dialogue, Menexenus is a special case. It was an important form in Athenian society and this is a rare surviving example. It has been included here in a new recording so it can be listened to in the context of ‘Attributed Dialogues’, rather than a fully accepted work by Plato. The background to each Dialogue is set by Benjamin Jowett. David Rintoul continues his persuasive characterisation of the masterful Socrates.

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  Shirley Chisholm in Her Own...

  Zinga A. Fraser

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  LOOKING BEYOND HER POLITICAL SYMBOLISM TO CELEBRATE NOT ONLY WHO SHIRLEY CHISHOLM WAS BUT WHO SHE IS—A REVOLUTIONARY THINKER WITH MUCH TO TEACH US TODAY 
   
  In the midst of her groundbreaking twenty-year career in the U.S. House of Representatives, Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm once declared, “Everyone—with the exception of the black woman herself—has been interpreting the black woman.” Edited and introduced by Zinga A. Fraser, Shirley Chisholm in Her Own Words gives readers a rare opportunity to engage with the congresswoman’s powerful ideas in her own voice. 
   
  Many Americans are familiar with Chisholm’s importance as the first Black woman in Congress and the first woman and African American to run for president with either major party. This long-overdue treatment of her work establishes Chisholm as an unparalleled public intellectual, powerful orator, and Black feminist both in her time and now. It introduces a new generation to one of the most impactful proponents of democracy in America. 
   
  “A timely, detailed, and inspiring book that helps maintain the intellectual legacy of Shirley Chisholm. The book reveals new dimensions of the congresswoman’s politics, activism, and spirit.”—Regina King, Academy Award–winning actor, and producer and star of Shirley

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  The American Experiment - A...

  Harry Montgomery

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  American democracy did not emerge overnight but was built on centuries of ideas and experiences that shaped political thought and practice. Early influences came from the ancient Greeks, whose experiments with direct democracy in city-states demonstrated that citizens could participate in their government. The ancient model, however, was limited in scope and exclusive in nature, leaving out women, slaves, and non-citizens. These limitations sparked later thinkers to envision a more inclusive system in which all individuals might have a voice. 
  The influence of the Roman Republic was also significant. The Romans developed a system of representative government, incorporating checks and balances that would later be crucial in American political structure. Their ideas of civic duty, legal rights, and the importance of a written code of laws resonated with future leaders who saw the need for a balanced government where power was neither overly concentrated nor arbitrary. The Roman emphasis on civic responsibility established an early link between law and governance that would later inform the formation of the United States. 
  The enlightenment period ignited a profound transformation in political thinking. Philosophers such as John Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau wrote about natural rights, the separation of powers, and the social contract. Locke’s advocacy of life, liberty, and property laid the groundwork for the concept that governments exist to serve the people and that their authority is derived from the consent of the governed. Montesquieu’s writings on the separation of governmental power into branches to prevent tyranny became a key element in the design of the American political system. These ideas gained traction among colonial leaders, who saw in them the means to challenge the existing forms of monarchical and aristocratic rule.

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