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  Confronting Saddam Hussein -...

  Melvyn P. Leffler

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  America's decision to go to war in Iraq in 2003 is arguably the most important foreign policy choice of the entire post–Cold War era. Nearly two decades after the event, it remains central to understanding current international politics and US foreign relations. 
   
   
   
  In Confronting Saddam Hussein, the eminent historian of US foreign policy Melvyn P. Leffler analyzes why the US chose war and who was most responsible for the decision. Employing a unique set of personal interviews with dozens of top officials and declassified American and British documents, Leffler vividly portrays the emotions and anxieties that shaped the thinking of the president after the shocking events of 9/11. He shows how fear, hubris, and power influenced Bush's approach to Saddam Hussein's Iraq. At the core of Leffler's account is his compelling portrait of Saddam Hussein. Rather than stressing Bush's preoccupation with promoting freedom or democracy, Leffler emphasizes Hussein's brutality, opportunism, and unpredictability and illuminates how the Iraqi dictator's record of aggression and intransigence haunted the president and influenced his calculations. Throughout, Leffler highlights the harrowing anxieties surrounding the decision-making process after the devastating attack on 9/11 and explains the roles of contingency, agency, rationality, and emotion.

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  Populism and Democracy -...

  Arlo Holders

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  This is a combo of three titles, which are: 
    - Populism vs. Liberalism: Political ideologies form the foundation of how societies organize governance, economics, and social structures. They are systems of ideas and beliefs that provide a framework for political thought and action, influencing policies, institutions, and the behavior of individuals and groups. Among the diverse range of ideologies, populism and liberalism have emerged as two of the most significant and often opposing forces in modern political discourse. This chapter introduces the concepts of populism and liberalism, highlights their importance, and sets the stage for the comparative analysis that follows. 
    - The Populist Playbook: Populism, as a political ideology and movement, is rooted in the idea of a fundamental divide between "the people" and "the elite." It asserts that the common people, often portrayed as hardworking and morally upright, are being oppressed or ignored by an elite class of politicians, businessmen, and intellectuals who are perceived as self-serving and out of touch with the needs of the general public. The term "populism" has evolved over time and can be used to describe a range of political movements and leaders who claim to represent the interests of the ordinary person against established powers. 
    - The Impact of Populism: The roots of populism stretch back to the 19th century, with early movements advocating for the empowerment of ordinary citizens, particularly in agricultural societies. However, the modern manifestation of populism began to take shape in the mid-20th century and accelerated in the 21st century, fueled by growing disillusionment with traditional political elites. The rise of social media, economic inequality, and a globalized world have all contributed to populism's recent resurgence, particularly in Western democracies.

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  We the Elites - Why the US...

  Robert Ovetz

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  Written by fifty-five of the richest white men, and signed by only thirty-nine of them, the US constitution is the sacred text of American nationalism. Popular perceptions of it are mired in idolatry, myth, and misinformation—many Americans have opinions on the constitution but have little idea what it says. This book examines the constitution for what it is—a rule book for elites to protect capitalism from democracy. Social movements have misplaced faith in the constitution as a tool for achieving justice when it actually impedes social change through the many roadblocks and obstructions we call 'checks and balances'. This stymies urgent progress on issues like labor rights, poverty, public health, and climate change, propelling the American people and rest of the world towards destruction. Robert Ovetz's reading of the constitution shows that the system isn't broken. Far from it. It works as it was designed to.

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  Bullsh*t Comparisons - A Field...

  Andrew Brooks

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  Bullshit Comparisons will challenge the way you think about rankings, charts, and other marketing and political tools designed to create odious and dangerous comparisons. 
   
   
   
  Is Boris Johnson really like Winston Churchill? Are electric cars actually greener than petrol ones? Which is the world's most successful university? Is Lisbon the new Barcelona? Should we compare the achievements of younger and older siblings even when we know it damages their self-worth? We make comparisons every day, but how helpful are they? 
   
   
   
  Looking across a dazzling range of situations both familiar and unfamiliar, Bullshit Comparisons is a groundbreaking examination of the role of comparison in modern society, illuminated by examples spanning from the FIFA World Footballer of the year, to wine-tasting in London, hospital care in Sierra Leone, and avocado farming in Colombia. 
   
   
   
  Challenging us to think critically about the use of comparison through accessible, personal, and often amusing research, Andrew Brooks reveals the uses and abuses of comparisons in a book that isn't like anything else.

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  Technologies of Human Rights...

  James Dawes, Alexandra S. Moore

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  The speed of technological development, from cell phones to artificial intelligence, opens up exciting new opportunities for promoting human flourishing. It also raises grave risks, threatening not only personal privacy and dignity but also our collective survival. Technologies of Human Rights Representation brings together three fields of research critical to securing our future: changing technologies, human rights, and representation. For each of these fields, this book asks key questions: How can we open the black box of technological advances so that we can more fully understand their effects upon our lives? What can we do to make sure that these effects align with the values of human rights? And how does the way we talk about technology and rights—from military reports and corporate marketing to human rights reports and poetry—amplify or diminish our capacity both to understand and to control what happens next? Contributors from anthropology, communications, criminology, global studies, law, literary and cultural studies, and women and gender studies bring diverse methodological approaches to these crucial questions.

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  The Roman Senate - Politics and...

  Rogan Fish

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  The Roman Senate, one of the most enduring institutions in ancient history, traces its origins to the very foundation of Rome. Emerging during the early monarchy period, the Senate originally functioned as an advisory body to the king. According to Roman tradition, the Senate was established by Romulus, the legendary founder of Rome, who appointed one hundred of the most distinguished men, known as "patres," to serve as the initial senators. These men and their descendants formed the aristocratic class, later known as the patricians. The formation of the Senate marked the beginning of a political structure that would shape Roman governance for centuries. 
  The early Senate's primary role was to offer counsel to the king on matters of state. While its authority was limited under the monarchy, the Senate's influence grew as it represented the city’s elite and carried the weight of collective wisdom. Senators held their positions for life, symbolizing stability and continuity within the Roman state. The Senate's name itself, derived from the Latin word "senex" (meaning old man), emphasized the value placed on experience and elder leadership. During this period, the Senate did not possess legislative or executive power but acted as a stabilizing force, guiding the monarch through complex political and military decisions. 
  The transition from monarchy to republic in the late 6th century BCE marked a significant turning point for the Senate’s role. After the fall of the last Roman king, Tarquin the Proud, the Senate became more central to governance. The expulsion of the monarchy led to the establishment of the Roman Republic, where power was distributed more broadly among elected magistrates. The Senate, now composed mainly of patricians, gained considerable influence as a body that advised the newly formed consuls.

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