Outros livros que poderiam interessá-lo

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  Venezuela - Economic Crises and...

  Anya Solace

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  Venezuela’s history is one of dramatic shifts, from its early days as a Spanish colony to its emergence as one of the world’s largest oil producers. The country’s vast natural resources positioned it as a regional economic powerhouse, yet mismanagement, political instability, and external pressures have contributed to repeated cycles of crisis. Today, Venezuela stands as a cautionary tale of how wealth, when poorly managed, can lead to economic collapse and social turmoil. Understanding the nation’s historical trajectory is essential to grasping its current struggles and the possibilities for recovery.  
    
  Venezuela’s path to independence followed the broader wave of Latin American liberation movements. Gaining independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simón Bolívar, the country initially experienced political turbulence as it transitioned from colonial rule. The 19th and early 20th centuries were marked by military dictatorships and internal conflicts, preventing the establishment of a stable government. However, the discovery of vast oil reserves in the early 20th century would drastically reshape Venezuela’s economic and political landscape.  
    
  With the discovery of oil in the 1910s, Venezuela saw rapid economic expansion, attracting foreign investment and transforming Caracas into one of the most modern cities in Latin America. By the mid-20th century, the nation was one of the wealthiest in the region, boasting a growing middle class and infrastructure that rivaled its neighbors. Yet, with prosperity came vulnerability. The economy became overwhelmingly dependent on oil revenues, leaving it exposed to fluctuations in global energy markets. Instead of using its wealth to diversify industries and strengthen institutions, successive governments spent recklessly, often prioritizing short-term political gains over long-term stability. 

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  Narcissistic Fathers - The...

  Dr. Theresa J. Covert

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  Do you think your father might be toxic? Still struggling from the effects of a narcissistic or psychopathically abusive relationship? 
  As a child: 
  - You felt like you were never good enough 
  - Your father seemed wrapped up in themselves and their life 
  - Your father didn’t seem to care about your feelings 
  - Your father was very controlling and manipulative 
  - You were made to feel bad or wrong if you got upset 
  - Your needs weren’t met 
  As an adult: 
  - You still feel like you are not good enough 
  - You feel confused, anxious, sad in your relationship with your father 
  - Your father puts you down, and never celebrates your achievements 
  - You sometimes doubt your perception of events, and feel like you are going crazy 
  - You struggle to make decisions and have difficulty trusting your gut instinct or intuition 
  - Your father is very critical, manipulative, controlling and tells lies 
  - They still don’t seem to care about your feelings or your needs 
  - You feel like you are the one parenting them 
  This Book is for you if you have been in a toxic relationship with your parent and you just want to make sense of it and make some changes. 
  Maybe you have tried to talk to your father or friends about your relationship, but they don’t understand either and they may even tell you that it couldn’t have been that bad. 
  I can’t promise you that reading to this book is going to be a “total cure”, but I can promise that if you APPLY YOURSELF DILLIGENTLY, take notes, read and re-read the chapters, follow all instructions to the letter, with a tenacious resolve to get better you will feel an instant decrease in anxiety within the first 24 hours and should see huge improvements within the first 3 days.

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  Two Tactics of Social-Democracy...

  Vladimir Lenin

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  Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution is one of the most important of Lenin's early writings. It was written in June and July 1905, while the Russian Revolution of 1905 was taking place. Lenin's preface poses these questions: "in educating and organizing the working class;...where should we place the main political emphasis in this work of education and organization? On the trade unions and legally existing associations, or on an insurrection, on the work of creating a revolutionary army and a revolutionary government?" 
   
  The history of social democracy stretches back to the 19th-century socialist movement. It came to advocate an evolutionary and peaceful transition from capitalism to socialism, using established political processes, in contrast to the revolutionary socialist approach to transition associated with orthodox Marxism. In the early post-war era in Western Europe, social democratic parties rejected the Stalinist political and economic model then-current in the Soviet Union, committing themselves either to an alternative path to socialism or to a compromise between capitalism and socialism. In this period, social democrats embraced a mixed economy based on the predominance of private property, with only a minority of essential utilities and public services under public ownership. Social democrats promoted Keynesian economics, state interventionism, and the welfare state while placing less emphasis on the goal of replacing the capitalist system (factor markets, private property, and wage labor) with a qualitatively different socialist economic system.

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  FBI’s Most Controversial...

  Editors Charles River

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  No single figure in 20th century American history inspires such opposing opinions as J. Edgar Hoover, the iconic first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In his time, he was arguably the most powerful non-elected figure in the federal government. Serving under eight presidents (and outliving two of them), he remains the longest-serving head of a major government office, and Hoover died as he began: a civil servant, having been appointed by the Attorney General and serving at the pleasure of the president. That said, no civil servant had ever accrued to themselves the power and public attention that Hoover did. 
  To many Americans in mid-20th century, Hoover seemed like a real American hero. In a country suffering from the Great Depression and the crime wave of the early 1930s, Hoover was the symbol of law and order as his “G-Men” used the newest in scientific crime solving methods to bring gangsters like John Dillinger, Pretty Boy Floyd, and Baby Face Nelson to justice. During World War II, the FBI helped protect a country at war from German and Japanese spies and saboteurs. In the 1950s, at the dawn of the Cold War, Americans saw the FBI leading the charge against Soviet spies and domestic communists who seemed to be undermining the institutions of the country. Many boys across the country wanted to be G-Men, helping Mr. Hoover ferret out anyone who would harm the United States. 
  Few things have colored Hoover’s reputation quite like COINTELPRO, which has become the FBI’s most notorious operation, one that still has lasting ramifications. From 1956-1971, the FBI waged a secret war in America through a series of projects against groups believed to be potentially subversive, including various people and organizations involved in women’s rights, civil rights, Native American rights, anti-war groups, and even groups that supported animal rights.

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  A Treatise of Human Nature

  David Hume

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  A Treatise of Human Nature is a philosophical work written by the Scottish philosopher David Hume and published in three volumes between 1739 and 1740. The book explores a wide range of philosophical topics, including metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics, and it is considered one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. 
  Hume's central thesis is that all human knowledge is ultimately derived from sensory experience, and that there is no inherent connection between cause and effect. He argues that our beliefs about cause and effect are based on custom and habit, rather than any rational or logical foundation. This leads him to challenge many traditional metaphysical and religious beliefs, including the existence of God and the immortality of the soul. 
  Hume's skeptical approach to knowledge and causality is also applied to ethics and aesthetics. He argues that moral judgments and aesthetic preferences are not based on reason, but rather on subjective feelings and emotions. This leads him to reject the idea of objective moral and aesthetic standards, and to propose a theory of moral and aesthetic relativism. 
  Despite its controversial and radical views, A Treatise of Human Nature is widely regarded as a masterpiece of philosophical writing, and has had a profound influence on subsequent philosophical thought.

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  What Shall I Do?

  Becky Erkkila

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  Looking back, it was amazing how my brain processed the whole incident. Even though I had repeated my statement numerous times to the police, family and friends, it was as if I was telling a story about someone else.Becky Erkkila is courageously sharing her story to enlighten others about the domestic violence victim mentality. Through her challenging experiences, she has come to realize that whatever situation we are in, the vital point is to perceive what would be the best thing for us to do at the time. Whether you are trying to discern the truth about your present situation, seeking confidence for yourself to go forward with a decision, frantically struggling to defend yourself, or convincing yourself that you are of some value, what you need most is a clear answer to "what shall I do?" I pray reading this book will bring light to your "what shall I do?"

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