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  Ottoman Empire’s Greatest...

  Editors Charles River

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  In terms of geopolitics, perhaps the most seminal event of the Middle Ages was the successful Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453. The city had been an imperial capital as far back as the 4th century, when Constantine the Great shifted the power center of the Roman Empire there, effectively establishing two almost equally powerful halves of antiquity’s greatest empire. Constantinople would continue to serve as the capital of the Byzantine Empire even after the Western half of the Roman Empire collapsed in the late 5th century. Naturally, the Ottoman Empire would also use Constantinople as the capital of its empire after their conquest effectively ended the Byzantine Empire, and thanks to its strategic location, it has been a trading center for years and remains one today under the Turkish name of Istanbul.  
  The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople also played a decisive role in fostering the Renaissance in Western Europe. The Byzantine Empire’s influence had helped ensure that it was the custodian of various ancient texts, most notably from the ancient Greeks, and when Constantinople fell, Byzantine refugees flocked west to seek refuge in Europe. Those refugees brought books that helped spark an interest in antiquity that fueled the Italian Renaissance and essentially put an end to the Middle Ages altogether. 
  In the wake of taking Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire would spend the next few centuries expanding its size, power, and influence, bumping up against Eastern Europe and becoming one of the world’s most important geopolitical players. It was a rise that would not truly start to wane until the 19th century, and the Ottomans would maintain their empire until the end of World War I. 

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  Let's Go Exploring: Calvin and...

  Michael Hingston

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  A fascinating investigation of a beloved comic strip The internet is home to impassioned debates on just about everything, but there’s one thing that’s universally beloved: Bill Watterson’s comic strip Calvin and Hobbes. Until its retirement in 1995 after a ten-year run, the strip won numerous awards and drew tens of millions of readers from all around the world.  
   
  The story of a boy and his best friend ― a stuffed tiger ― was a pitch-perfect distillation of the joys and horrors of childhood, and a celebration of imagination in its purest form. In Let’s Go Exploring, Michael Hingston mines the strip and traces the story of Calvin’s reclusive creator to demonstrate how imagination ― its possibilities, its opportunities, and ultimately its limitations ― helped make Calvin and Hobbes North America’s last great comic strip.

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  How to Recognize Toxic Thought...

  Olivia Werner

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  [How to Recognize Toxic Thought Patterns] delves deep into the intricate landscape of human consciousness, offering a lyrical and unflinching exploration of the ways our minds create and sustain patterns that both protect and constrain us. Through prose that mirrors the fluid, cyclical nature of thought itself, this illuminating work examines how toxic patterns disguise themselves as rationality, presenting as logical conclusions while quietly undermining our sense of self. Like a skilled cartographer mapping uncharted territory, the book traces the subtle ways these thought patterns weave themselves into the fabric of our daily existence, emerging in the spaces between breaths, in the gaps between messages, in the quiet moments before sleep. With its innovative approach to mental awareness, the work stands apart in its ability to capture the poetry of psychological experience while offering practical insights into the nature of toxic thinking, making the invisible visible through carefully crafted metaphors and precise psychological observation.

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  Ancient Greece’s Most Important...

  Editors Charles River

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  Nearly 2,500 years after the Golden Age of Athens, people across the world today continue to be fascinated by the ancient Greeks, but who did the Ancient Greeks look up to? The answer to that question can be found in Homer’s The Odyssey, in which Odysseus makes note of “a great town there, Cnossus, where Minos reigned.” It was perhaps the earliest reference to the Minoan civilization, a mysterious ancient civilization that historians and archaeologists still puzzle over, but a civilization that renowned historian Will Durant described as "the first link in the European chain.” Nearly 2,000 years before Homer wrote his epic poems, the Minoan civilization was centered on the island of Crete, a location that required the Minoans to be a regional sea power. And indeed they were, stretching across the Aegean Sea from about 2700-1500 BCE with trade routes extending all the way to Egypt. 
  In the Archaic and Classical periods, Rhodes often stood as a prime exemplar of the highs and lows of its fellow Greek cities, and as the largest island of the Dodecanese, Rhodes’ history is largely in line with that of the rest of those islands. Rhodes would reach the zenith of its power in the Hellenistic period following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. Even as the rest of the city-states waned compared to the much larger kingdoms of Alexander’s successors in Egypt and Asia, Rhodes would come to the forefront as a main power in the Greek world, standing toe-to-toe with these Hellenistic kingdoms.  
  It was during the Classical era that, especially under the tyrants (dictators) of the Greek city of Syracuse, Sicily came the closest to being governed as a single, unified, and independent state. In time, it came to challenge the powerful trade empire of Carthage, a former Phoenician colony in North Africa, and it vied with the cities and kingdoms of mainland Greece for primacy in the Greek world.

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  Hygge - The Danish Way To...

  Alexander Parker

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  The epidemic of unhappiness, loneliness, and rushed lives is growing and growing. To whom should we look for help? 
  When was the last time you had a peaceful dinner with the ones you love and care about? 
  Did you answer “well…” to any of those? Be honest - we all do. To one, two, or even to all. We are constantly being rushed, pushed to do more things, have more things, and be faster, more efficient, and more successful. But it’s burning us out. Even when we reach success, we’re not happy with it. 
  The Danish may just hold the answer to that - it’s hygge, and you probably have heard about it by now. The problem is most people don’t grab the entire concept. They expect that some candles, hot cocoa, and a warm blanket will immediately solve their problems. But the full spectrum of hygge includes much more. 
  Go beyond fuzzy cardigans and lavender-scented candles. Embrace hygge to its fullest potential and give yourself true peacefulness and calmness. 
  In Hygge, you will discover: 
  • What are the main principles of hygge and how to practice them with ease 
  • What major benefits can proper hygge bring into your life 
  • How to make your home as hyggelig as possible 
  • How to do more for your tastebuds than just hot cocoa 
  And much more. 
  You will notice immediate improvements in your life. Never again give in to stress and overwhelming isolation. You too can live the frugal, happy life you always wanted. Just use the astounding practices set up by generations of Danes. 
  Hygge has many facets you are not yet aware of. It’s a real shame to leave those amazing treasures undiscovered. 
  Get your life back and hygge up!

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  Spinning Out - Climate Change...

  Charlie Hertzog Young

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  'Utterly brilliant - engaging, thrilling, disturbing, revelatory, explosive' GEORGE MONBIOT'This extraordinary book, written with startling honesty and vulnerability, traces Charlie's remarkable journey from deep despair to resistance, reconnection and remedy. If you are ready to channel grief within into action in the world, read on.' KATE RAWORTH, author of Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist'Spinning Out is a salve, weaving together the intricacies of madness underscored by the backdrop of a changing climate. It's an essential and insightful resource in the fight for climate justice.' TORI TSUI, author of It's Not Just You'Heart-rendingly, heart-stoppingly glorious' MANDA SCOTT, author of bestselling Boudica seriesHumanity is driving the earth mad. Now, the earth is driving us mad in return. Charlie Hertzog Young became a climate activist in his early teens. His journey led him onto airport runways and into the halls of power, but also to a serious mental health breakdown. He had to rebuild himself physically and psychologically, before focusing his efforts on collective mental recovery in response to a planet in crisis.Spinning Out explores how climate chaos and the failure of those in power to tackle it are causing an inevitable mental health crisis across the globe. The relationship between the climate and our emotional wellbeing goes far deeper than eco-anxiety. It goes to he roots of our civilisation - its principles, its practices and its false solutions.With testimony from dozens of activists, organisers and researchers across every habitable continent, Spinning Out is a celebration (of other ways to be) and a manual for anyone who wants to fight for a better world, while avoiding burnout and despair.Wedding the needs of the earth with the needs of the human mind, Spinning Out offers a powerful, collective vision for change.

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