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  Early History of Montenegro The:...

  Editors Charles River

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  Much has been written about Western intervention during the breakup of Yugoslavia, and whether it made matters worse, prevented worse atrocities, or was simply ineffective. In early 1992, however, what was clear was that Europe was hopelessly divided over the best course of action to take towards Yugoslavia, and after several years of fighting, the Bosnian War was one of the most violent conflagrations in Europe since the end of World War II. 
  That war had been the byproduct of centuries of tensions in the Balkans, and an attempt in the wake of World War I to redraw the political boundaries of Europe and the Middle East. That included forming the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, initially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, a particularly fragile enterprise, and there was almost constant tension between the majority Serbs and the other Yugoslav nationalities, especially the Croats. As a result, the Kingdom was a land of political assassinations, underground terrorist organizations, and ethnic animosities. In 1929, King Alexander I suspended democracy and ruled as a dictator until he himself was assassinated in 1934. 
  Depending on the source, many authors have focused on different catalysts for Yugoslavia’s demise, but Vesna Drapac may have succinctly summed the situation up when he wrote that by the end, the state “lacked a reason to exist.” There is certainly something in this sentiment, but the disintegration came at an enormous cost. 
  Given what happened in Yugoslavia, it should be little surprise the area that eventually became the modern nation of Montenegro has had a turbulent history for millennia, with shifting borders, different degrees of autonomy, and various conflicts occurring within it.

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  The Autobiography of Benjamin...

  Benjamin Franklin

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  "The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin" is a foundational work of American literature, offering an intimate portrayal of one of the United States' founding fathers. Written from 1771 to 1790, this work is divided into four parts, reflecting different periods in Franklin’s life. The Autobiography offers insights into his formative years, diverse accomplishments, inventions, philosophical insights, and contributions to American society and governance. Franklin's narrative is imbued with wit, wisdom, and a sense of self-reflection, making it not only a historical document but also a work of literature that explores themes of self-improvement, virtue, and civic duty.

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  The Heavy Water War - Beating...

  John Stadler

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  During the course of the Second World War, the Allies mounted a series of attempts to prevent Germany from manufacturing heavy water utilising hydroelectric plants in occupied Norway. These efforts comprised a mix of bomber and Commando raids. The overall aim was to stop Nazi Germany building a nuclear bomb. In fact, Hitler was never as close as the Allies thought, but the idea that his regime could construct and deploy such a device was the ultimate doomsday scenario, one that would have tilted the balance in favour of the Nazis. The mere threat might have been sufficient to force a negotiated peace with the perception of a Nazi bomb hanging over the world like a nuclear-powered sword of Damocles. 
   
  Production, and therefore the Allied target, centred on the Vemork Power Station standing by the Rjukan Waterfall at Telemark. A series of daring raids – Operations Grouse, Freshman and Gunnerside – neutralised the plant’s capacity. In Operation Freshman, every single glider-borne paratrooper was either captured or killed. In February 1943, a force of SOE-trained Norwegian Commandos succeeded in sabotaging the plant’s production capacity. Further manufacturing effort was abandoned, and the Nazis attempted to spirit away the heavy water they had on the ferry SF Hydro. The Norwegians managed to sink the vessel in the deep waters of Lake Tinn. Using primary source material and published on the 80th anniversary of the sinking of the Hydro, The Heavy Water War tells a story of extraordinary courage and endurance. The stakes in any special forces raid in history have never been higher.

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  James Hutton - The Genius of Time

  Ray Perman

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  Discover one of the Scottish Enlightenment's brightest stars.
  Among the giants of the Scottish Enlightenment, the name of James Hutton is overlooked. Yet his Theory of the Earth revolutionised the way we think about how our planet was formed and laid the foundation for the science of geology. He was in his time a doctor, a farmer, a businessman, a chemist yet he described himself as a philosopher – a seeker after truth.
  A friend of James Watt and of Adam Smith, he was a polymath, publishing papers on subjects as diverse as why it rains and a theory of language. He shunned status and official position, refused to give up his strong Scots accent and vulgar speech, loved jokes and could start a party in an empty room.
  Yet much of his story remains a mystery. His papers, library and mineral collection all vanished after his death and only a handful of letters survive. He seemed to be a lifelong bachelor, yet had a secret son whom he supported throughout his life.
  This book uses new sources and original documents to bring Hutton the man to life and places him firmly among the geniuses of his time.

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  Christopher Columbus – Hero or...

  Alan Rogers

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  Christopher Columbus has been celebrated as a heroic explorer and condemned as a ruthless colonizer. But what is the real story? Did he truly discover the New World, or did he simply pave the way for conquest and destruction? 
  This audiobook takes you on a gripping journey through Columbus’s voyages, his encounters with Indigenous peoples, and the lasting effects of his expeditions. Uncover: 
  ✅ The true motivations behind Columbus’s voyage and who really funded it 
  ✅ How Columbus interacted with Native civilizations – and the lasting consequences 
  ✅ The controversial aspects of his rule over new territories 
  ✅ The debate: Should Columbus be celebrated or condemned? 
  Christopher Columbus – Hero or Villain? is a must-listen for history lovers, critical thinkers, and anyone fascinated by the truth behind legendary figures.

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  On Gaslighting

  Kate Abramson

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  "Gaslighting" is suddenly in everyone's vocabulary. It's written about, talked about, tweeted about, even sung about. It's become shorthand for being manipulated by someone who insists that up is down, hot is cold, dark is light—someone who isn't just lying about such things, but trying to drive you crazy. The term has its origins in a 1944 film in which a husband does exactly that to his wife, his crazy-making efforts symbolized by the rise and fall of the gaslights in their home. In this timely and provocative book, Kate Abramson examines gaslighting from a philosophical perspective, investigating it as a distinctive moral phenomenon. 
   
   
   
  Gaslighting, Abramson writes, is best understood as a form of interpersonal interaction, a particular way of fundamentally undermining someone. The gaslighter, Abramson argues, aims to make his target experience herself as incapable of reasoning, perceiving, or reacting in ways that would allow her to form appropriate beliefs, perceptions, or emotions in the first place. He seeks not only to induce in her this unmoored sense of herself but also to make it a reality. Using examples and analysis, Abramson gives an account of gaslighting and its immorality, and argues that such a discussion can help us understand other aspects of social life—from racism and sexism to the structure of interpersonal trust.

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