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  Ramses II - The Great Pharaoh of...

  Omar Khalil

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  Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great, ascended to the throne of Egypt at the age of around twenty-five, marking the beginning of one of the most illustrious reigns in ancient Egyptian history. Born to Seti I and Queen Tuya, Ramses was the second son in a royal family with a rich history of military conquest and religious devotion. His early life was marked by a deep connection to his father, who was a powerful Pharaoh and who taught him the ways of leadership, military strategy, and governance. 
  Ramses II’s rise to power was in part due to the untimely death of his older brother, Amunherkhepeshef. His subsequent coronation followed the traditional Egyptian custom, but Ramses’s reign would quickly set him apart from his predecessors. Under Seti I’s rule, Egypt had already gained considerable strength, and Ramses inherited an empire that was well-positioned for further military expansion. Yet, it was his own brilliance, both as a military leader and as a strategist, that allowed him to solidify his place as one of the greatest Pharaohs of Egypt. 
  One of the first significant moments of his reign was his involvement in the Battle of Kadesh. Although young at the time, Ramses’s leadership during this critical battle would define his reputation as a warrior king. Despite facing a large Hittite force, Ramses II's audacity and resilience ensured Egypt's power remained strong. Though the battle ended in a stalemate, Ramses managed to secure his status through subsequent peace negotiations, leaving a lasting legacy on Egypt’s military and political landscape.

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  Cajuns and Creoles The: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  Deep within the bayous and swamps of Louisiana resides a population descended from an exodus. These people, called Cajuns or Acadians, were expelled from their homelands. Persecuted and homeless, they traveled hundreds of miles south in search of a new home and ultimately settled in the Pelican State, where they made new lives for themselves free from their British conquerors. Though not always warmly welcomed, they were accepted, allowing them to practice their different culture amidst their new neighbors. 
  	Though their home has changed flags over the centuries, the people themselves have remained, retaining a culture that goes back several centuries. While people continue to assimilate, some have continued to live same lifestyles their ancestors did for generations, and they continue to fascinate outsiders, so much so that they occasionally end up being featured on the History Channel. 
  	Contrary to popular belief, the term “Creole” is not restricted to the Louisiana Creole, nor the Creoles of color, which collectively refers to the overall ethnic group and different local Creole cultures that blossomed across the Spanish and French colonies in Louisiana, Mississippi, and northwestern Florida. Today, the term is much more complex and may be applied to any of the various Creole cultures around the globe. The word may also be used to describe any language that has spawned from a mixture of languages, or specifically the associated, but distinct tongues developed within Creole communities, as well as the speakers of these languages themselves.  
  Generally speaking, however, the word “Creole” refers to the cultures birthed from the colonial-era racial and cultural mixing between Europeans (mostly of French, Spanish, or Portuguese descent) and Africans, as well as Native Americans, and other local or indigenous peoples in French, Spanish, and Portuguese territories.

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  The South - Jim Crow and Its...

  Jr. Adolph L. Reed, Barbara J....

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  The last generation of Americans with a living memory of Jim Crow will soon disappear. They leave behind a collective memory of segregation shaped increasingly by its horrors and heroic defeat but not a nuanced understanding of everyday life in Jim Crow America. In The South, Adolph L. Reed Jr.—New Orleanian, political scientist, and according to Cornel West, "the greatest democratic theorist of his generation"—takes up the urgent task of recounting the granular realities of life in the last decades of the Jim Crow South. 
   
   
   
  Reed illuminates the multifaceted structures of the segregationist order. Through his personal history and political acumen, we see America's apartheid system from the ground up, not just its legal framework or systems of power, but the way these systems structured the day-to-day interactions, lives, and ambitions of ordinary working people. 
   
   
   
  The South is more than a memoir or a history. Filled with analysis and fascinating firsthand accounts of the operation of the system that codified and enshrined racial inequality, this book is required reading for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of America's second peculiar institution the future created in its wake.

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  First We Make the Beast...

  Briefly Summaries

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  This is a concise summary and analysis of First, We Make the Beast Beautiful, by Sarah Wilson. It is not the original book and is not affiliated with or endorsed by Sarah Wilson. Ideal for those seeking a quick and insightful overview.
   
  "First, We Make the Beast Beautiful" is a profound and deeply personal exploration of anxiety and mental health. The book redefines anxiety as a force that, while challenging, can lead to profound personal growth and self-awareness. Through a blend of personal anecdotes, philosophical insights, and practical advice, the author takes readers on a journey to understand and embrace their anxiety. The book emphasizes that anxiety can be a source of strength and beauty, offering a new perspective on how to navigate life’s challenges with resilience and hope.

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  Pepper - A History of the...

  Marjorie Shaffer

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  “This is more than the story of a spice . . . Get ready for a sweeping ride through history.” ―David Oshinsky, Pulitzer Prize–winning authorThe perfect companion to Mark Kurlansky's Salt: A World History, Pepper illuminates the rich history of pepper for a popular audience. Vivid and entertaining, it describes the part pepper played in bringing the Europeans, and later the Americans, to Asia and details the fascinating encounters they had there. As Mark Pendergrast, author of Uncommon Grounds, said, “After reading Marjorie Shaffer's Pepper, you'll reconsider the significance of that grinder or shaker on your dining room table. The pursuit of this wizened berry with the bite changed history in ways you've never dreamed, involving extraordinary voyages, international trade, exotic locales, exploitation, brutality, disease, extinctions, and rebellions, and featuring a set of remarkable characters.”From the abundance of wildlife on the islands of the Indian Ocean, which the Europeans used as stepping stones to India and the East Indies, to colorful accounts of the sultan of Banda Aceh entertaining his European visitors with great banquets and elephant fights, this fascinating book reveals the often surprising story behind one of mankind's most common spices.“Using first-person accounts from journals and ships' logs, Shaffer crafts a textured story of exploration, danger, wealth and greed. Readers will find adventures on the high seas, pirates, ambitious Jesuits, sultans living in opulence and the plunder of what was once considered a ‘Garden of Eden’ . . . A vividly told story of a common spice’s uncommon history.” —Kirkus Reviews“A delightful history of the Indian Ocean and the South Seas.” ―Robert D. Kaplan, New York Times–bestselling author

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  Foundations of Our Democracy:...

  Various Authors

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  In 1776, the United States of America was born from a document that declared all men created equal and free to choose who they serve in this world. What followed was a difficult fight against a monarchy, a fight that ended with the creation of a powerful country built on the tenets of freedom and equality. These documents are some of the foundational writings from the earliest days of the country that have shaped the United States government for centuries:The Declaration of Independence – This was the formal decree that the 13 colonies wished to separate from the rule of England. This essay declares that the rulership of England had been unjust and did not give the people living in America proper representation in the government, and declared independence from the King of Great Britain.The Constitution – The Constitution of the United States was adopted as the supreme law of the country in 1789. This document, along with its amendments, is the instruction manual for running the United States’ democracy, from outlining the three branches of government to enacting a protocol for succession of power. The Federalist Papers – The Federalist Papers were a series of articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison. The essays present the reasoning and logic behind each article of the Constitution, and were written to garner congressional support for its ratification. Today, they are used to assist in interpreting the intentions of the original supporters of the Constitution.The Bill of Rights – The Bill of Rights is the set of the first 10 amendments added to the Constitution. These amendments outline inalienable and natural rights for individuals, as well as stating that states have the power to create their own laws for matters not addressed in the Constitution.

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