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  The Civil Rights Act of 1964

  Various Various

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  This program is read by an AI-based synthesized voice.

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  Assur and Nimrud: The History of...

  Charles River Editors

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  When the Assyrians are mentioned, images of war and brutality are among the first that come to mind, despite the fact that their culture prospered for nearly 2,000 years.  
  Like a number of ancient individuals and empires in that region, the negative perception of ancient Assyrian culture was passed down through Biblical accounts, and regardless of the accuracy of the Bible’s depiction of certain events, the Assyrians clearly played the role of adversary for the Israelites. Indeed, Assyria (Biblical Shinar) and the Assyrian people played an important role in many books of the Old Testament and are first mentioned in the book of Genesis: “And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech, and Akkad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Out of that land went forth Assur and built Nineveh and the city Rehoboth and Kallah.”  
  A historical survey of ancient Assyrian culture reveals that although they were the supreme warriors of their time, they were also excellent merchants, diplomats, and highly literate people who recorded their history and religious rituals and ideology in great detail. The Assyrians, like their other neighbors in Mesopotamia, were literate and developed their own dialect of the Akkadian language that they used to write tens of thousands of documents in the cuneiform script. Furthermore, the Assyrians prospered for so long that their culture is often broken down by historians into the “Old”, “Middle”, and “Neo” Assyrian periods, even though the Assyrians themselves viewed their history as a long succession of rulers from an archaic period until the collapse of the neo-Assyrian Empire in the 7th century B.C. In fact, the current divisions have been made by modern scholars based on linguistic changes, not on political dynasties. 
  Even as war played such a central role in Assyrian society, they were also active and prosperous traders, and trade was an essential part of Assur’s growth from its earliest stages.  

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  The Dispossessed Generation -...

  Jörg Gertel, David Kreuer,...

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  The Arab uprisings of the early 2010s raised hopes for the development of more democratic structures and better living conditions for millions in the region. Instead, they were followed by authoritarian backlash, civil wars, economic collapse and food and energy insecurity.
  
  
  Young people are often the ones hit hardest by the conjunction of these problems. How do they cope with insecurities and growing uncertainties, and what drives them to pursue their own dreams in spite of being disenfranchised?
  
  The Dispossessed Generation is the most comprehensive, in-depth study of young people in the MENA region to date, providing invaluable insights into their self-perceptions and life chances. In this volume, an interdisciplinary team of researchers assess a survey of 12,000 sixteen- to thirty-year-olds from Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen. They illuminate the extent to which young people engage with their societies and mine new opportunities from a multiplicity of crises.

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  The Rise and Fall of a Medieval...

  Kathryn Warner

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  The Despensers were a baronial English family who rose to great prominence in the reign of Edward II (1307-27) when Hugh Despenser the Younger became the king's chamberlain, favorite, and perhaps, lover. He and his father Hugh the Elder wielded great influence, and Hugh the Younger's greed and tyranny brought down a king for the first time in English history and almost destroyed his own family. 
   
   
   
  The Rise and Fall of a Medieval Family tells the story of the ups and downs of this fascinating family from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries, when three Despenser lords were beheaded and two fell in battle. We begin with Hugh, Chief Justiciar of England, who died rebelling against King Henry III and his son in 1265, and end with Thomas Despenser, summarily beheaded in 1400 after attempting to free a deposed Richard II, and Thomas's posthumous daughter Isabella, a countess twice over and the grandmother of Richard III's queen. 
   
   
   
  From the medieval version of Prime Ministers to the (possible) lovers of monarchs, the aristocratic Despenser family wielded great power in medieval England. Drawing on the popular intrigue and infamy of the Despenser clan, Kathryn Warner's book traces the lives of the most notorious, powerful, and influential members of this patrician family over a 200 year span.

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  The Art of War

  Sun Tzu

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  The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the late Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 5th century BC). The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu, is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a different set of skills or art related to warfare and how it applies to military strategy and tactics.  
  The Art of War remains the most influential strategy text in East Asian warfare, has influenced both East Asian and Western military theory and thinking, and has found a variety of applications in a myriad of competitive non-military endeavors across the modern world including espionage, culture, politics, business, and sports. 
  Considered one of history's finest military tacticians and analysts, his teachings and strategies formed the basis of advanced military training throughout the world.

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  The Invention of the Restaurant...

  Rebecca L. Spang, Adam Gopnik

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  Why are there restaurants? Why would anybody consider eating alongside perfect strangers in a loud and crowded room to be an enjoyable pastime? To find the answer, Rebecca Spang takes us back to France in the eighteenth century, when a restaurant was not a place to eat but a quasi-medicinal bouillon not unlike the bone broths of today. 
   
   
   
  This is a book about the French revolution in taste—about how Parisians invented the modern culture of food, changing the social life of the world in the process. We see how over the course of the Revolution, restaurants that had begun as purveyors of health food became symbols of aristocratic greed. In the early nineteenth century, the new genre of gastronomic literature worked within the strictures of the Napoleonic state to transform restaurants yet again, this time conferring star status upon oysters and champagne.

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