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  Longbow The: The History of the...

  Editors Charles River

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  While the bow was used throughout ancient times and the Middle Ages, on mainland Europe it was mostly replaced by the crossbow in the early 13th century, but that would change with the introduction of the longbow, a more powerful weapon than the traditional hunting bows. The original longbowmen were Welshmen recruited by King Edward I of England after he conquered Wales, and the weapon got its name from the fact that it was almost as tall as the man using it. This gave it a longer draw and therefore more force, as longbows were generally made of yew, a strong and pliable wood. The longbow was cheap and easy to make, but they required extensive training to be used well, so in England, commoners were encouraged and at times required to practice archery. A statute of Richard II dating from 1388 reads, “Servants and Laborers shall have Bows and Arrows, and use the same the Sundays and Holydays, and leave all playing at tennis or foot-ball, and other games called coits, dice, casting of the stone, kaikles [skittles], and other such importune games.” 
  	The longbow’s greatest day was at Agincourt in 1415, but the fact that this did not end the age of heavy plate cavalry indicated the longbow did have some limitations. For example, modern tests show that longbow arrows had trouble piercing plate armor, likely the main reason they were used as a massed weapon. With arrows raining down, it increased the chances of hitting a joint in the armor or an imperfection. Also, horse armor couldn’t protect the entire animal and the knights would soon find themselves dismounted. At some battles like Agincourt, the knights foundered in soft earth, and as their horses fell and the men became confused and hampered by the arrows clanking off their armor, they got mired in the mud and the English infantry could move in and finish them off. 

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  Everest the Hard Way - The first...

  Chris Bonington

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  50th Anniversary Edition
  Everest – the highest peak in the world, the ultimate challenge to a mountaineer's skill and endurance. It had been climbed before, but never like this. Chris Bonington and his team had ambitions to climb it – the hard way.
  Yet before Bonington and his team set out in August 1975, even their well-wishers gave them only a fifty–fifty chance of success. The South West Face of Everest had already defeated five expeditions, including one led by Bonington himself.
  Everest the Hard Way is an exhilarating story of courage, endurance and teamwork. Bonington's narrative celebrates the big moments and recreates the excitement and danger of the climb with vivid immediacy. He shares the logistical problems involved in keeping a large expedition moving, and the very real psychological ones of balancing and pairing lead climbers and giving each a chance to make the route on the face. He describes the constant avalanche threat which made the Western Cwm more dangerous than the ever-treacherous Ice Fall, and explains how lowering the sites of camps 4 and 5 solved a supply problem and kept the upward momentum for the attack on the notorious thousand-foot-tall Rock Band at 27,000 feet which had barred the way to the summit for all previous attempts.
  Drawing upon his experiences and the first-hand accounts and diaries of his fellow climbers, Bonington gives us the first-time jitters and unexpected emergencies, the pressures of balancing egos and skills, the meticulous planning, and the undiluted joy of mastering a seemingly impossible climb which would see Britons stand on the summit of the world for the first time. It is an immensely absorbing narrative, stunningly augmented with photographs and maps, with eleven appendices on everything from communications and equipment to food and medicine.
  How Bonington's team climbed on Everest in 1975 bears no relation to how Everest is climbed fifty years on, with endless resources and helicopter support. It was much riskier in 1975. Weather forecasts were threadbare and, although equipment was improving, it was much more basic than today, so the risk of frostbite was much greater for mountaineers in the 1970s. These climbers, the best of their generation, were leading hard new ground in the only style which gave them a meaningful chance of success. Chris Bonington's Everest the Hard Way is a beautiful, fascinating and tragic story of their legendary achievement.

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  The Newspaper Axis - Six Press...

  Kathryn S. Olmsted

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  How six conservative media moguls hindered America and Britain from entering World War II 
  How six conservative media moguls hindered America and Britain from entering World War II 
   
   
   
  “A landmark in the political history of journalism.”—Michael Kazin, author of What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party 
   
   
   
  As World War II approached, the six most powerful media moguls in America and Britain tried to pressure their countries to ignore the fascist threat. The media empires of Robert McCormick, Joseph and Eleanor Patterson, and William Randolph Hearst spanned the United States, reaching tens of millions of Americans in print and over the airwaves with their isolationist views. Meanwhile in England, Lord Rothermere’s Daily Mail extolled Hitler’s leadership and Lord Beaverbrook’s Daily Express insisted that Britain had no interest in defending Hitler’s victims on the continent. 
   
   
   
  Kathryn S. Olmsted shows how these media titans worked in concert—including sharing editorial pieces and coordinating their responses to events—to influence public opinion in a right-wing populist direction, how they echoed fascist and anti‑Semitic propaganda, and how they weakened and delayed both Britain’s and America’s response to Nazi aggression.

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  Everything Left to Remember - My...

  Steph Jagger

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  "This audiobook is a touching testament to the power of stories, nature, and love to sustain and connect us." - AudioFile on Everything Left to Remember BETWEEN TWO KINGDOMS meets WILD. In this heart wrenching and inspirational memoir a woman and her mother, who is suffering from Alzheimer’s, embark on a road trip through national parks, revisiting the memories, and the mountains, that made them who they are.Steph Jagger lost her mother before she lost her. Her mother, stricken with an incurable disease that slowly erases all sense of self, struggles to remember her favorite drink, her favorite song, and—perhaps most heartbreaking of all—Steph herself. Steph watches as the woman who loved and raised her slips away before getting the chance to tell her story, and so Steph makes a promise: her mother will walk it and she will write it.Too aware of her mother’s waning memory, Steph proposes that the two take a camping trip out to Montana—which her mother, on the urging of Steph’s father, agrees to embark upon. An adventure full of horseback riding, hiking, and “tenting” out West quickly turns into one woman’s reflection on childhood, motherhood, personhood—and what it means to love someone who doesn’t quite remember the person she spent her lifetime becoming.A staggeringly beautiful examination of how stories are passed down through generations and from Mother Nature, Everything Left to Remember brings us the wisdom of who our memories make us under the constellations of the vast Montana sky.A Macmillan Audio production from Flatiron Books

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  Economic Landscape of Puerto...

  Anya Solace

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  Puerto Rico’s economic landscape has been shaped by centuries of historical, political, and social transformations. From the indigenous societies that first inhabited the island to its complex relationship with Spain and the United States, the economy has evolved in response to shifting global and regional forces. Understanding Puerto Rico’s economic foundations requires an examination of its early economic structures, the colonial period’s trade policies, and the profound effects of U.S. annexation. These key moments set the stage for the challenges and opportunities that have defined the island’s development.  
  Before European colonization, the indigenous Taíno people sustained themselves through subsistence agriculture, fishing, and trade with neighboring Caribbean islands. Their economy, though not based on large-scale commerce, was well-adapted to the island’s resources. With the arrival of the Spanish in 1493, Puerto Rico was integrated into Spain’s mercantilist system, marking the beginning of an economic transformation that would prioritize colonial extraction over local prosperity. The Spanish introduced new crops such as sugarcane and coffee, which would later become vital to the island’s economy. However, strict trade regulations limited Puerto Rico’s ability to develop independently, as it was required to conduct commerce exclusively with Spain.  
  During the 18th and 19th centuries, Puerto Rico transitioned into a plantation-based economy, with sugar and coffee emerging as dominant industries. Enslaved Africans and later immigrant laborers contributed to the agricultural boom, making the island a key supplier to European and American markets. Despite periods of growth, the economy remained vulnerable to global price fluctuations, natural disasters, and restrictive colonial policies. By the time of the Spanish-American War in 1898, Puerto Rico’s economy was still largely agrarian, with limited industrial development.

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  FOOD POWER: The Untold Secrets...

  Kellan Ashby

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  FOOD POWER: The Untold Secrets to Uplift Your Mental Health   
  ⭐️⭐️ Simplified Guide & Explanations Included ⭐️⭐️ 
  Are you ready to enhance your mental health and unlock clarity through informed food choices and knowledge?  
  Searching for a thorough guide that covers everything you need to uplift your mental well-being?   
  Your quest ends here!   
  This guide is your ultimate resource for exploring how food impacts mental health. With practical exercises and insights, you’ll be prepared for a transformative journey.   
  Updated for the latest insights on mental health and nutrition.   
  Key features of this comprehensive guide include:   
  - In-depth insights into the connection between food and mental clarity   
  - Clear explanations of how food choices can influence mood and cognition   
  - Effective strategies for incorporating healthy eating habits into your lifestyle   
  Our guide stands out with its extensive coverage, ensuring you have everything necessary for success. We don’t just skim the surface; we explore concepts thoroughly and thoughtfully.   
  Designed with a straightforward structure and easy-to-follow language, our guide ensures smooth transitions between topics. Say farewell to complex jargon and embrace clear, accurate, and relatable content.   
  So, why wait any longer? Click the BUY NOW button, secure your guide, and embark on your journey to improved mental health through food!   
  Unlock the secrets to uplifting your mental health today!  

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