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  German Invasions of France...

  Editors Charles River

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  If trench warfare was an inevitability during the war, it is only because the events leading up to the First Battle of the Marne were quite different. The armies at the beginning of the war moved quickly through the land, but the First Battle of the Marne devolved into a bloody pitched battle that led to the construction of trenches after the Germans retreated, blocked in their pursuit of Paris. When the aftermath disintegrated into a war between trenches, some Germans thought they had the upper hand since they were occupying French territory, but with fewer soldiers than the combined Allied nations and fewer resources and supplies, it was possibly only a matter of time before they were ultimately defeated. The commander of the German armies, General Helmuth von Moltke, allegedly said to Kaiser Wilhelm II immediately after the First Battle of the Marne, "Your Majesty, we have lost the war." 
  One of the most famous people in the world came to tour the city of Paris for the first time on June 28, 1940. Over the next three hours, he rode through the city’s streets, stopping to tour L’Opéra Paris. He rode down the Champs-Élysées toward the Trocadero and the Eiffel Tower, where he had his picture taken. After passing through the Arc de Triomphe, he toured the Pantheon and old medieval churches, though he did not manage to see the Louvre or the Palace of Justice. Heading back to the airport, he told his staff, “It was the dream of my life to be permitted to see Paris. I cannot say how happy I am to have that dream fulfilled today.” Four years after his tour, Adolf Hitler would order the city’s garrison commander, General Dietrich von Choltitz, to destroy Paris, warning his subordinate that the city "must not fall into the enemy's hand except lying in complete debris." 

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  The Afterlife of Byzantium

  Santiago Machain

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  The Afterlife of Byzantium traces the final centuries of the Byzantine Empire from the Palaiologan restoration to the fall of Constantinople—and follows its astonishing afterlife far beyond 1453. Through nine richly detailed chapters culminating in a study of legacy and memory, this volume reveals how an empire under pressure reinvented itself through faith, diplomacy, art, scholarship, and everyday resilience. Readers encounter the return to Constantinople in 1261, the fraying frontiers of the Balkans and Anatolia, the mystical power of Hesychasm, the resourceful brilliance of Palaiologan art, the hard math of a late economy, and the fine-edged craft of survival diplomacy. The ascent of the Ottomans and the last defense of 1453 are narrated alongside the intimate human experiences of merchants, monks, mothers, and envoys. 
  Beyond the walls, the book follows Byzantium’s legacy into Ottoman institutions, Orthodox worship, Venetian print shops, Cretan ateliers, Muscovite courts, and the domestic rituals that carried memory forward. It shows how Byzantine law, liturgy, education, iconography, and political imagination shaped communities for centuries, from the Phanar’s salons to Athonite scriptoria, from market stalls to imperial chancelleries. Written in an informative, humanized, and professional voice, this is a story of continuity through change—a portrait of how an empire’s culture outlived its sovereignty and continued to teach the world how to endure with dignity.

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  Black Death - Causes Fatalities...

  Kelly Mass

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  Here we have it: We may be looking at the years 2020-2021 and think a certain virus has been bad for the world population. However, what happened in these two years is nothing, proportionally, to the hundreds of millions of people who got wiped out by rat infestations spreading insanitary bacteria, resulting in the disease and death of huge parts of the European population in the mid-centuries. 
  The genesis or origin of the Black Death is a point of contention. The epidemic started in Central Asia or East Asia, but it wasn't till 1347 that it made its conclusive presence in Crimea. It spread out through the Mediterranean Basin, reaching Africa, Western Asia, and the remainder of Europe through Constantinople, Sicily, and the Italian Peninsula, probably brought by fleas surviving on black rats carried by Genoese servant ships. There's proof that the Black Death was spread out in big part by fleas-- which trigger pneumonic plague-- and the person-to-person contact by means of aerosols that pneumonic plague permits, which would clarify the epidemic's fast inland spread out, which would be expected if the main vector was rat fleas triggering bubonic plague. 
  The Black Death was the 2nd significant natural catastrophe to strike Europe in the late Middle Ages (the first being the Great Scarcity of 1315-- 1317), killing between 30 and sixty percent of Europe's population. 
  In the 14th century, the plague disease might have decreased the worldwide population from c. 475 million to 350-- 375 million. So, more than 100 million people died from it, which was almost a fourth of the world’s population. 
  To mention that such were difficult times, is an understatement. My empathy for those unfortunate souls has reached an entire new level of suffering. I don’t know about you, but when I did my research, I wanted to know more about it. I hope you feel the same way.

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  The Scots - A Genetic Journey

  Alistair Moffat

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  This unique "fusion of science and the physical history" traces the story of the Scots through their DNA (Sunday Herald). 
   
   
   
  An almost limitless archive of our history lies hidden inside our bodies, and this book traces the ancient story of Scotland from that scientific viewpoint. The mushrooming of genetic studies, of DNA analysis, is rewriting history in spectacular fashion. 
   
   
   
  In Scotland: A Genetic Journey, Alistair Moffat explores the history that is printed on our genes, and in a remarkable new approach, uncovers the detail of where Scots are from, where they have journeyed, and who they are—and in so doing, vividly colors in a DNA map of Scotland.

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  Into the Silk - The Dramatic...

  Ian Mackersey

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  From World War Two to the Jet Age, Ian Mackersey charts the thrilling and personal accounts of airmen who have jumped from their planes and survived. 
   
   
   
  Since the test pilot Harold Harris became the first man to save his life with a parachute in 1922 there have been over 120,000 air force pilots and crew who owe their lives to their parachutes. 
   
   
   
  Into the Silk is full of astounding tales of people who against the odds bailed out of their planes and were therefore able to enter the annals of the Caterpillar Club, a society open only to men and women who survive aviation disaster with the aid of a parachute. 
   
   
   
  Mackersey records dramatic moments during the Second World War when pilots leapt from their burning planes while still being shot at by enemy fighters. He uncovers the descent of the extraordinarily lucky man who jumped from his damaged bomber but had to put his parachute on while falling through the sky and the pilot who found himself attached to a moving train and was dragged along for miles. 
   
   
   
  The book highlights the debts that all of these survivors owe to people such as Leslie Irvin, who invented the modern parachute and Sir James Martin, the great designer of ejection seats.

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  You are Wanted and Loved Because...

  Zen Ase

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  You are Wanted and Loved Because You're You is a rhythmical celebration of self love for both young and old. This Zen Gem  Whole Family Tale will lift the hearts of young and old and boost the self acceptance of both the readers and the listeners. An entertaining and creative way to address and celebrate individuality and self worth among children, teens and adults, this book by a veteran teacher is one you'll embrace reading again and again as it affirms your priceless worth.

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