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  Carlist Wars The: The History...

  Editors Charles River

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  Thinking of Spain as a modern nation state today distorts the complicated reality that the Iberian Peninsula faced in the past. Spain was a nation in progress, consisting of regions united under the Spanish crown, but with strong regional identities based on different historical and cultural experiences. The largest entities were the kingdoms of León and Castile, but Spain also included the kingdoms of Navarre, Andalusia, Granada, Jaén, Aragon, and Valencia. There were also the principalities of Asturias and Catalonia, the lordship of Vizcaya, and both Guipúzcoa and Alava were “exempted provinces.” Navarre, Aragon, and Catalonia had separate Cortes, which were versions of parliaments (Parker 18-19). This complex system of entities granted privilege to local power structures over the concept of a unified nation and made administration difficult, because there were few standards that applied to all of Spain. Many of the regions had special laws that respected and allowed traditional institutions, administrative patterns, and cultural patterns. These local and regional rights were called fueros and were fiercely defended against centralization. The fueros originated as rights agreed to when the regions joined the Spanish crown. Before becoming king, the king-designate had to swear to maintain and respect the fueros. This meant that the rights of the king were to a considerable extent limited. 
  Inevitably, liberals and centralizing monarchs alike tried to change the situation over the years, which produced political tensions. The Carlists promised to maintain the older system, which is why they were so firmly backed in the Basque regions by most of the peasants and nobility. The Carlist claimants were strong Catholics and were strongly supported by the Church, and thus by the more fervently Catholic portions of the population. 

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  Doorway to Artistry - Attuning...

  Esther Lightcap Meek

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  Your artistry involves you intimately with the world around and beyond you. So your artistry involves profound but simple philosophical matters. As a human person, you are artful and philosophical, at the core of your being. Doorway to Artistry offers a playful, everyday philosophical approach necessary for life, integration, healing, and thriving in artistry. It reflects on the real and how we are involved with it, especially in our creative effort. In short, the real hospitably welcomes us, and in our artistry we reciprocate in noble courtesy. Human persons were made for this communion with the real. Find in this book a hospitable welcome to belong at home beyond where you are.

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  Ministry of Truth - Democracy...

  Steve Benen

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  A searing, vital investigation of the Republican Party’s dangerous campaign to rewrite history in real time, from the Emmy Award-winning Rachel Maddow Show producer and bestselling author of The Impostors. 
  “There is nobody…who has more influence on the way I think about politics than Steve Benen.” —Rachel Maddow  
  For as long as historical records have existed, authoritarian regimes have tried to rewrite history to suit their purposes, using their dictatorial powers to create myths, spread propaganda, justify decisions, erase opponents, and even dispose of crimes. 
  Today, as America’s Republican Party becomes increasingly radicalized, it’s not surprising to see the GOP read from a similarly despotic script. Indeed, the party is taking dangerous, aggressive steps to rewrite history—and not just from generations past. Unable to put a positive spin on Trump-era scandals and fiascos, GOP voices and their allies have grown determined to rewrite the stories of the last few years—from the 2020 election results and the horror of January 6th to their own legislative record—treating the recent past as an enemy to be overpowered, crushed, and conquered. The consequences for our future, in turn, are dramatic. 
  Extraordinarily timely and undeniably important, Steve Benen’s new book tells the staggering chronicle of the Republican party’s unsettling attempts at historical revisionism. It reveals not only how dependent they have grown on the tactic, but also how dangerous the consequences are if we allow the party to continue. The stakes, Benen argues, couldn’t be higher: the future of democracy hinges on both our accurate understanding of events and the end of alternative narratives that challenge reality. 
  Supplemental enhancement PDF accompanies the audiobook.

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  Women Reformers

  Marziyah Husain

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  10 women social reformers who fought to bring change in India

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  Boy Who Harnessed the Wind The:...

  Briefly Summaries

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  This is a concise summary and analysis of The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, by William Kamkwamba and Bryan Mealer.
   
  It is not the original book and is not affiliated with or endorsed by William Kamkwamba and Bryan Mealer.
   
  Ideal those seeking a quick and insightful overview.
  The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind is an inspiring true story of a young boy from Malawi who, against all odds, builds a windmill to provide electricity for his village. With limited resources and formal education, he uses his ingenuity and determination to overcome poverty and drought, transforming his community. The book highlights themes of perseverance, innovation, and the power of education to change lives.

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  Libertarianism and Its Practices...

  Arlo Holders

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  This book contains the following two topics: 
    - The Libertarian Ideal: Libertarianism is a political philosophy that places individual liberty at its core, emphasizing the importance of personal freedom, limited government, and voluntary cooperation. Rooted in centuries of intellectual thought, libertarianism advocates for a society in which individuals are free to pursue their own goals and aspirations as long as they respect the rights of others. This emphasis on freedom and responsibility makes libertarianism distinct from other political ideologies, which often prioritize collective goals or centralized authority. 
    - Libertarian Policies: Rooted in the principles of classical liberalism, libertarianism advocates for a limited government whose primary role is to protect individual rights and maintain peace. It emphasizes personal responsibility, free markets, and the belief that voluntary exchange is the foundation of a prosperous society. At its core, libertarianism seeks to protect the rights of individuals to live as they see fit, free from the coercive power of the state. The history of libertarian thought can be traced back to influential philosophers such as John Locke, who argued for the natural rights of individuals to life, liberty, and property. His ideas formed the intellectual groundwork for the concept of limited government, which would later be expanded by thinkers like Adam Smith, who promoted the idea of free markets. The Enlightenment era, with its focus on reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority, provided a fertile ground for the development of libertarian ideas. In the 20th century, libertarianism gained further prominence through the works of economists such as Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman, who critiqued the expansion of government power and emphasized the importance of individual liberty in economic affairs.

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