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  Leviathan

  Thomas Hobbes

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  Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes and published in 1651. It is one of the most important works in political philosophy and is considered a cornerstone of modern political thought. 
  The main argument of Leviathan is that humans are fundamentally selfish and violent, and that without a strong government to control them, they would inevitably descend into a state of chaos and conflict. Hobbes famously characterized this state as "the war of all against all." 
  In order to avoid this scenario, Hobbes argued that individuals must surrender their natural rights to a sovereign authority. This sovereign, which Hobbes called the Leviathan, would have absolute power to enforce its will upon the people, and in exchange would provide them with security and protection. 
  Hobbes believed that the ideal form of government was an absolute monarchy, where the sovereign's power was not limited by any laws or institutions. He argued that any attempt to limit the power of the sovereign would be doomed to failure, as it would only lead to the re-emergence of the state of nature and the breakdown of society. 
  Leviathan is also notable for its contributions to social contract theory, which argues that individuals enter into a contract with their government in order to protect their rights and maintain order in society. Hobbes' social contract theory was influential in the development of political thought and continues to be studied and debated today.

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  Paddy Mayne - Lt Col Blair...

  Hamish Ross

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  ‘Paddy’ Mayne was one of the most outstanding special forces leaders of the Second World War. Hamish Ross’s authoritative study follows Mayne from solicitor and a rugby international to troop commander in the Commandos and then the SAS, whose leader he later became and whose annals he graced, winning the DSO and three bars, the Croix de Guerre and the Légion d’Honneur. 
   
  Mayne’s achievements attracted attention, and after his early death legends emerged, based largely on anecdote and assertion. Hamish Ross’s closely researched biography challenges much of the received version, using contemporary sources, the official war diaries, the chronicle of 1 SAS, Mayne’s papers and diaries, and a number of extended interviews with key contemporaries. It has the support of the Mayne family and the SAS Regimental Association. 
   
  In Ross’s analysis Mayne is a dynamic, yet principled and thoughtful man, committed to the unit’s original concepts; not flawless, but whose leadership qualities and tactical brilliance in the field secured the reputation of the SAS.

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  Astral Mysticism & Otherworldly...

  Various Ancient Writers, Tim...

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  What if forgotten scrolls carry the first surround-sound recording of heaven? 
  Running 6 hours, the audio edition blends skilled narration, subtle choir beds, and ethereal drones recorded at 432 Hz—often called the “frequency of the cosmos.” 
  •	Odes of Solomon feature layered male & female voices, echoing ancient antiphonal style. 
  •	Thunder: Perfect Mind uses a polyphonic vocal trio to embody its paradoxical “I am/I am not” proclamations. 
  Perfect for meditative listening, studio inspiration, or late-night stargazing, this production lets you feel celestial worship rather than just read about it.

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  LGBTQ+ Trailblazers of San...

  Dr. William Lipsky

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  Famous and forgotten, they're all our fabulous ancestors.  From Charles Warren Stoddard, the first openly gay San Franciscan, to Felicia "Flames" Elizondo, the exuberant transgender rights advocate, the LGBT community is integrally woven into the fabric of the city's history. Household names like Queen Califia, Charley Parkhurst, Elsa Gidlow, Jose Sarria and Harvey Milk are celebrated worldwide, while Bert LaRose, Mabel Edison and Clarence Lockett are now largely forgotten. Whether '49ers, bohemians, beatniks, boomers, hippies, clones or conformists, their fascinating stories contributed to the development of a vibrant community, many simply by being themselves.  Join Dr. William Lipsky as he recounts their struggles and achievements in the City by the Bay.

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  Modern Germany: The History and...

  Editors Charles River

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  The history of Germany and the German-speaking peoples is as complex and multifaceted as any in Europe. It is also one of the most difficult to pinpoint conceptually and historically, since every nation is a construct to some extent. Language is certainly important, and the German language is a unifying factor for any notion of a unified Germany, yet even today, many German-speakers live outside the borders of modern Germany. Shared customs and traditions gave Germans a common sense of identity to some extent, but these were often local in origin. Germans were also split between several versions of Christianity.  
  	Nevertheless, ideas of a German nation were present by the 19th century, leading up to the official unification in 1871. Neil MacGregor, a historian of modern Germany, has explained that the two defining events leading to the rise of German nationalism and the movement toward unification were the Thirty Years' War and the Napoleonic Wars. During the Thirty Years' War, more than 200 German states were part of the Holy Roman Empire's loose confederation, and that war was predominantly fought in German states by foreign powers, including France, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, and the Netherlands. MacGregor noted that “horrors were experienced across all Germany, and were never forgotten,” to the extent that they were invoked during World War II. The religious basis of the Thirty Years’ War saw the split between Catholicism and Protestantism, which was at the heart of the Reformation. Some foreign leaders even invoked defending "German freedoms" for their invasion. 
  	From the German point of view, the Thirty Years' War was proof of their vulnerability to foreign aggression. Atrocities such as the "sacking" of Magdeburg in 1631, where more than 30,000 people were killed, were embedded in the German consciousness. All told, 8 million people died during the Thirty Years’ War.

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  The Genius of Lies

  François Noudelmann

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  Is it a contradiction, a lie, a madness, a freedom to affirm a theory and live the opposite? 
  Rousseau writes a treatise on education thanks to the abandonment of his five children, Kierkegaard composes religious texts while living as a libertine, Beauvoir founds the philosophy of feminism while enjoying a servile relationship with her American lover, Foucault exalts the courage of truth and organizes the secrecy of his Aids, Deleuze hates traveling and becomes the philosopher of nomadism.
  Who are we when we think? Several, no doubt, as shown by the thinkers who invent multiple personalities through their theories. Instead of denouncing their errors or hypocrisy, François Noudelmann studies the most complex lie, the one towards oneself, through the anxieties, fugues, and metamorphoses of these double-sided philosophers.

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