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  NASA’s Space Race Programs: The...

  Editors Charles River

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  Today the Space Race is widely viewed poignantly and fondly as a race to the Moon that culminated with Apollo 11 “winning” the Race for the United States. In fact, it encompassed a much broader range of competition between the Soviet Union and the United States that affected everything from military technology to successfully launching satellites that could land on Mars or orbit other planets in the Solar System. Moreover, the notion that America “won” the Space Race at the end of the 1960s overlooks just how competitive the Space Race actually was in launching people into orbit, as well as the major contributions the Space Race influenced in leading to today’s International Space Station and continued space exploration. 
  The Apollo space program is the most famous and celebrated in American history, but the first successful landing of men on the Moon during Apollo 11 had complicated roots dating back over a decade. Landing on the Moon presented an ideal goal all on its own, but the government’s urgency in designing the Apollo program was actually brought about by the Soviet Union, which spent much of the 1950s leaving the United States in its dust (and rocket fuel). In 1957, at a time when people were concerned about communism and nuclear war, many Americans were dismayed by news that the Soviet Union was successfully launching satellites into orbit. 
  Throughout the 1960s, NASA would spend tens of billions on missions to the Moon, the most expensive peacetime program in American history to that point, and Apollo was only made possible by the tests conducted through earlier missions. Of course, by the time it was all done, Americans sure felt the cost was worth it as they watched the first live shots of astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walking on the Moon. As he left his first footprint on the Moon, Armstrong transmitted one of the 20th century’s most famous phrases: “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”

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  How the Clinic Made Gender - The...

  Sandra Eder

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  An eye-opening exploration of the medical origins of gender in modern US history.  
   
  Today, a world without “gender” is hard to imagine. Gender is at the center of contentious political and social debates, shapes policy decisions, and informs our everyday lives. Its formulation, however, is lesser known: Gender was first used in clinical practice. This book tells the story of the invention of gender in American medicine, detailing how it was shaped by mid-twentieth-century American notions of culture, personality, and social engineering.  
   
  Sandra Eder shows how the concept of gender transformed from a pragmatic tool in the sex assignment of children with intersex traits in the 1950s to an essential category in clinics for transgender individuals in the 1960s. Following gender outside the clinic, she reconstructs the variable ways feminists integrated gender into their theories and practices in the 1970s. The process by which ideas about gender became medicalized, enforced, and popularized was messy, and the route by which gender came to be understood and applied through the treatment of patients with intersex traits was fraught and contested. In historicizing the emergence of the sex/gender binary, Eder reveals the role of medical practice in developing a transformative idea and the interdependence between practice and wider social norms that inform the attitudes of physicians and researchers. She shows that ideas like gender can take on a life of their own and may be used to question the normative perceptions they were based on. Illuminating and deeply researched, the book closes a notable gap in the history of gender and will inspire current debates on the relationship between social norms and medical practice. 

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  Generative AI on AWS - Building...

  Chris Fregly, Shelbee...

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  Companies today are moving rapidly to integrate generative AI into their products and services. But there's a great deal of hype (and misunderstanding) about the impact and promise of this technology. With this book, Chris Fregly, Antje Barth, and Shelbee Eigenbrode from AWS help CTOs, ML practitioners, application developers, business analysts, data engineers, and data scientists find practical ways to use this exciting new technology. 
   
   
   
  You'll learn the generative AI project life cycle including use case definition, model selection, model fine-tuning, retrieval-augmented generation, reinforcement learning from human feedback, and model quantization, optimization, and deployment. And you'll explore different types of models including large language models (LLMs) and multimodal models such as Stable Diffusion for generating images and Flamingo/IDEFICS for answering questions about images. 
   
   
   
  You'll also discover how to apply generative AI to your business use cases; determine which generative AI models are best suited to your task; perform prompt engineering and in-context learning; fine-tune generative AI models on your datasets with low-rank adaptation (LoRA); align generative AI models to human values with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF); augment your model with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG); explore libraries such as LangChain and ReAct to develop agents and actions; and build generative AI applications with Amazon Bedrock.

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  Keepers of the Shield

  Sandy Kelly

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  Why would anyone spend a large portion of their life in a world that doesn’t really exist, or with friends they have never met? Those are questions anyone considering online gaming should explore. It starts out innocently enough—with the excitement, unbelievable graphics, and unique storylines that suck you into a world which can rob you of time, self-esteem, health, and the ability to distinguish between reality and fantasy.The sad truth is that there are millions upon millions of people just like you and me who fall down that rabbit hole. It’s a drug, an escape, a test of our fortitude—and it can replace reality to the point of a false existence. And yet, we do it over and over, and we love almost every minute.We, who are called humans, are easily sideswiped off the road of common sense into the dumpster of adventure. I, of all people, can point this out because I spent almost 22 years, and even now—after five years away—I am still going through withdrawals.This is what some call tough love.

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  The Geometry of Change

  Santiago Machain

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  The Geometry of Change is a field guide to building models that are both honest about complexity and useful in practice. It connects three pillars—how systems work (mechanisms), how we encode them (models), and how we learn from the world (measurement)—into a coherent workflow for decision-making. Beginning with why we model at all, it explores growth patterns and limits, stochasticity and structure, interactions and spread, spatial and metapopulation thinking, and the challenges of fitting parameters from real data. It then turns to interpreting signals—trends, cycles, and regimes—showing how to separate what persists from what repeats and what truly changes the rules. Throughout, it emphasizes calibration, uncertainty, fairness, and governance, translating technical craft into operational playbooks and ethics-aware practices. The result is a practical, human-centered approach to turning data into insight, and insight into action, across ecological, urban, digital, and organizational systems.

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  The Third History of Man

  MD John Bershof

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  In the spirit of medieval writer Chaucer, all human activity lies within the artist’s scope, the History of Man Series uses medicine as a jumping off point to explore precisely that, all history, all science, all human activity since the beginning of time. The jumping off style of writing takes the reader, the listener into worlds unknown, always returning to base, only to jump off again. History of Man are stories and tales of nearly everything. 
  The Third History of Man leaves bacteria in the rear-view mirror and jumps to viruses and viral infections, the cold, the flu and COVID-19, not just another flu. We’ll cover epidemics, pandemics, and vaccines, the pox infections, and the Spock principle that the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few … or the one. From COVID and the rise of Zoom, we’ll venture into the rise of Homo sapiensand the fall of Neanderthals, the high sea adventures of Darwin aboard and the high sea adventures of dementia. Our travels will take us along the Silk Road and Spice Trade, another visit with the Age of Discovery when masted ships and European explorers went looking for that elusive sea route to the Far East, and looking for gold, annihilating huge swaths of indigenous Americans at every port of disembarkation, not by the pointy end of a sword, but by tiny infectious microbes. We’ll examine colonialism at its finest, the sordid European history of imperialism and the land grab into Africa and the New World Americas.

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