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  Cuba History - The Revolution...

  Kelly Mass

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  This book contains two side-stories, which are the following: 
  1: Less than a decade after the Second World War, the Cuban revolution happened. It went on and off, irregularly causing riots and rebel actions, as well as tyrannical government suppression, and it all lingered on during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States.What was it that typified the Cuban Revolution? 
  Who were the players and what did they do? 
  Which battles were most significant? 
  And last but not least, what was the final result it all led to in the end? 
  These and many other questions will be answered in this comprehensive guide, which will give you a better understanding about the history of one of the most controversial economies on the huge island near the United States coastline. 
  2: Fidel Castro is probably the most famous person in Cuba. His life was devoted to what he perceived to be a righteous cause for equality and freedom from erroneous ideologies. 
  He led people in the revolution, made a difference in the Cold War in decisions that concerned communism, Marxism, and other economic structures, and he finally became the president of Cuba, until he passed away not too long ago. 
  Whether you like him or not, it’s definitely interesting to learn more about what made Fidel Castro so influential, and why he remained the president of his home country for so long. Different opinions about him exist. In order to form your own, it would be helpful to base it on the correct information. And you can find that in this book.

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  Lydia Litvyak: The Life and...

  Editors Charles River

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  Altogether, the Battle of Stalingrad was the deadliest battle in the history of warfare, and the Soviets’ decisive victory there is considered one of the biggest turning points in the entire war, and certainly in the European theater. Over the next two years, the German gains in Russia were steadily reversed, and the Red Army eventually began pushing west towards Berlin. Fittingly, the importance of Stalingrad was commemorated in several ways, from Churchill presenting Stalin with a “Sword of Stalingrad” to the Russians’ decision not to rebuild parts of the battle scarred city as a reminder of what happened there.  
  Partly out of dire circumstances and partly from a cultural worldview, it was the Soviet Union who first pressed female pilots into direct combat when Hitler invaded Russia. Ahead of Stalingrad, Stalin publicly declared that “women should be given the right to fly and fight for their country.” As a result, more than 800,000 women served in the Soviet military during the war years in hospitals, communication units, as road troops, anti-aircraft gunners, and snipers. 
  Of the Soviet female fighter pilots who fought the Nazis in the skies, led raids against ground targets, and stopped supply transports, the iconic Lydia Vladimirovna Litvyak stands out as the most distinguished. The most productive and highly decorated of the Soviet Union’s female pilots, Litvyak was an expert aviator by the age of 14 and trained 45 pilots in the years leading up to the war, while still a teenager. She went on to serve in several of the elite air guard regiments, and she would be credited with numerous victories as the Soviets desperately tried to hold off the German onslaught around Stalingrad. The quirky and defiant Litvyak was described as a “silent modest beauty with a blonde shock of hair and blue eyes.” She “walked with a special gait, causing delight among others,” men in particular, and she tended to look neat at all times.

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  Julius Caesar - The Famous Roman...

  Kelly Mass

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  Gaius Julius Caesar remains one of the most influential and recognizable figures in history. A brilliant military commander and astute statesman, Caesar played a decisive role in the events that led to the collapse of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. His life and career were marked by political ambition, military conquests, and transformative reforms that forever changed the Roman world.  
  Born into a patrician family, Caesar rose to prominence in Roman politics through strategic alliances and persuasive rhetoric. In 60 BC, he formed the First Triumvirate with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, known as Pompey. This informal political alliance dominated Roman politics for several years, enabling Caesar to secure the consulship in 59 BC. The Triumvirate sought to advance the interests of the Populares, a political faction advocating for the rights of the common people, in opposition to the Optimates, the conservative faction of the Roman Senate. Powerful senators such as Cato the Younger and orator Cicero resisted Caesar’s growing influence, leading to increased political tensions.  
  To solidify his power, Caesar launched a series of military campaigns known as the Gallic Wars from 58 BC to 51 BC. These campaigns significantly expanded Roman territory, bringing Gaul (modern-day France and Belgium) under Roman control. Caesar's military success earned him wealth, popularity, and the unwavering loyalty of his legions. His invasion of Britain and the daring construction of a bridge over the Rhine River showcased his strategic prowess and ambition. These victories, however, unsettled Pompey, who grew increasingly aligned with the Senate following Crassus’ death in 53 BC. Fearing Caesar’s rising power, the Senate ordered him to disband his army and return to Rome as a private citizen. 

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  Start of World War II in the...

  Editors Charles River

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  All Americans are familiar with the “day that will live in infamy.” At 9:30 a.m. on Sunday, December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor, the advanced base of the United States Navy’s Pacific Fleet, was ablaze. It had been smashed by aircraft launched by the carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. All eight battleships had been sunk or badly damaged, 350 aircraft had been knocked out, and over 2,000 Americans lay dead. Indelible images of the USS Arizona exploding and the USS Oklahoma capsizing and floating upside down have been ingrained in the American conscience ever since. In less than an hour and a half the Japanese had almost wiped out America’s entire naval presence in the Pacific.  
  	Those who had decoded and seen the Japanese communications in early December 1941 would not be surprised when they heard about an attack on December 7, 1941. They would, however, be astonished when they heard where that attack took place. Posted on the other side of the world, it was early on the morning of December 8 in the Philippines when American general Douglas MacArthur received news of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor hours earlier. With that, it could only be a matter of time before the Japanese attacked the Philippines. 
  	The Americans would turn the war in the Pacific around in the middle of 1942, but in the wake of Pearl Harbor and the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, the country was in desperate need of a morale boost, and it would come in the form of the Doolittle Raid. In part to show that the Japanese were not invincible, and in part to reassure the American public that the nation would not lose the war, the Doolittle Raid included both Army and Navy units that launched 16 land-based medium bombers from an aircraft carrier, a feat that was the first of its kind but also one involving a great deal of risk.

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  Socrates Meets Marx - The Father...

  Peter Kreeft

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  In the Socrates Meets series, Peter Kreeft revives the classic method of bringing philosophy to life through dialogue. In eight innovative volumes, he uncovers the principles, assumptions, and sometimes dangerous conclusions of some of history’s most influential minds.  Each dialogue imagines a purgatory where we can listen in on conversations between Socrates and the great thinkers who, centuries later, picked up the philosopher’s torch. Each conversation investigates one of the philosopher’s key works, a short, readable classic that raises central questions both for philosophy and for life. In this volume, Socrates cross-examines Karl Marx, the father of communism and author of The Communist Manifesto, exploring freedom and oppression, history and change, property, education, women, and the family.

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  Common Sense

  Thomas Paine

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  Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775-1776 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the 13 Colonies. Writing in clear and persuasive prose, Paine marshaled moral and political arguments to encourage common people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government. It was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and became an immediate sensation.  
  It was sold and distributed widely and read aloud at taverns and meeting places. In proportion to the population of the colonies at that time (2.5 million), it had the largest sale and circulation of any book published in American history. As of 2006, it remains the all-time best-selling American title, and is still in print today.  
  Common Sense made public a persuasive and impassioned case for independence, which before the pamphlet had not yet been given serious intellectual consideration. Paine connected independence with common dissenting Protestant beliefs as a means to present a distinctly American political identity, structuring "Common Sense" as if it were a sermon. Historian Gordon S. Wood described "Common Sense" as "the most incendiary and popular pamphlet of the entire revolutionary era".

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