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  Israel - What Went Wrong?

  Omer Bartov

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  A leading Israeli American scholar of the Holocaust explores and explains his native country's intensifying turn toward violence and exclusion.The distinguished historian Omer Bartov was born on a kibbutz, grew up in Tel Aviv, and served in the Israel Defense Forces during the Yom Kippur War. He went on to become a leading scholar of the German army and the Holocaust, before turning his attention to his native country.In Israel: What Went Wrong?, Bartov sketches the tragic transformation of Zionism, a movement that sought to emancipate European Jewry from oppression, into a state ideology of ethno-nationalism. How is it possible, he asks, that a state founded in the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust, an event that gave legitimacy to a national home for the Jews, stands credibly accused of perpetrating large-scale war crimes? How do we come to terms with the fact that Israel’s war of destruction is being conducted with the support, laced with denial and indifference, of so many of its Jewish citizens?Tracing the roots of the violent events currently unfolding in Israel and the occupied territories, Bartov tracks his country's moral tribulations and considers the origins of Zionism, the intertwining of Israel’s independence with Palestinian displacement, the politics of the Holocaust, controversies over the term "genocide," and the uncertain future. The result is a searing and urgent critique that addresses today’s debates over Zionism and the future of Israel with rigor and depth.

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  Albert Einstein’s "Why...

  Albert Einstein

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  A contemporary look at Albert Einstein's classic call for socialism 
   
   
   
  First published more than seventy-five years ago in the inaugural issue of Monthly Review: An Independent Socialist Magazine, Albert Einstein's "Why Socialism?" is an unheralded classic. Written during the McCarthyite witch-hunt in the United States, it constituted an act of defiance, making a case for socialism unrivaled in its time or ours. Yet, its very existence has been an embarrassment to an establishment which has continually sought to downplay the significance of his iconoclastic essay, together with Einstein's socialism itself. 
   
   
   
  This volume includes Einstein's essay along with a detailed commentary on his essay by Monthly Review editor, John Bellamy Foster. Foster's introduction tells the story of Einstein's life-long commitment to socialism and the events leading to the publication of "Why Socialism?" and contextualizes the importance of his essay as we enter a time of planetary crisis and new threats of world war. Over the three-quarters of century since its publication, "Why Socialism?" is one of those rare statements whose power has only grown, reaching untold numbers of readers over the years. It is of crucial importance that―for the sake of the future of humanity―Einstein's message continues to proliferate.

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  Inventing Human Rights - A History

  Lynn Hunt

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  How were human rights invented, and how does their tumultuous history influence their perception and our ability to protect them today? From Professor Lynn Hunt comes this extraordinary cultural and intellectual history, which traces the roots of human rights to the rejection of torture as a means for finding the truth. She demonstrates how ideas of human relationships portrayed in novels and art helped spread these new ideals and how human rights continue to be contested today.

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  Freedom of Speech - Navigating...

  Marcus Klein

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  Freedom of speech is a cornerstone of democratic societies, integral to the exercise of individual autonomy and the pursuit of truth. At its core, it is the right to express ideas, opinions, and beliefs without fear of government reprisal or censorship. This principle is enshrined in numerous legal documents, most notably the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees "the freedom of speech, or of the press," protecting the individual’s right to speak openly in the public sphere. 
    
  The origins of free speech can be traced back to philosophical and political thinkers of the Enlightenment era, who emphasized the importance of reason, individual rights, and personal liberty. Thinkers such as John Locke, Voltaire, and John Stuart Mill argued that the free exchange of ideas was essential for the flourishing of society, allowing for the progress of knowledge, the correction of errors, and the protection of political freedom. These ideas laid the groundwork for the modern understanding of free expression as a fundamental human right. 
    
  However, the right to free speech is not absolute. Throughout history, the boundaries of this freedom have been tested by a wide range of societal, political, and ethical concerns. From the regulation of speech in times of war or national security threats to the ongoing debates over hate speech, defamation, and misinformation, societies have struggled to find a balance between protecting free expression and safeguarding the common good. This tension continues to shape the debate surrounding free speech, particularly in the context of emerging technologies like social media, which have transformed the landscape of communication.

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  Activating the Common Good -...

  Peter Block

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  A powerful, inspiring, and achievable vision of a society based on cooperation and community instead of competition and commodification. 
   
  This book counters the dominant and destructive story that we are polarized, violent, selfish, and destined to consume everything in sight. That is not who we are. 
   
  The challenge, Peter Block says, is that we are suffering under an economic theology that is based on scarcity, self-interest, competition, and infinite growth. We're told we can purchase and outsource all that matters. Block calls this the "business perspective narrative." It dominates not only the economy but also architecture, faith communities, journalism, arts, neighborhoods, and much more. 
   
  Block offers an antidote:  the "common good narrative." It embodies the belief that we are basically communal and cooperative. And that we have the capacity to communally produce what we care most about: raising a child, safety, livelihood, health, and a clean and sustainable environment. 
   
  This book describes how shifts to the common good perspective could transform many areas, fostering journalism that reports on what works, architecture that designs habitable spaces creating connection, faith collectives that build community, a market that is restrained and local, and leadership and activism that build social capital by creating trust among citizens. With these shifts, we would fundamentally change the world we live in for the better.

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  Ancient Greece

  Nicolas Sofos

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  Ancient Greece, widely recognized as the birthplace of western civilization thrived from 800 BCE to 146 BCE. It is renowned for its contributions, to domains, including literature, philosophy, politics, arts and sciences. These contributions have had an impact on societies. 
  The civilization was characterized by a multitude of city states with Athens and Sparta being particularly notable. Athens, considered the cradle of democracy prioritized philosophy, education and cultural pursuits. It gave rise to thinkers like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. In contrast Sparta embraced a society that emphasized training and excellence. 
  The Ancient Greeks practiced a religion with a connection to their daily lives. One of their religious and sporting events was the Olympic Games held every four years in honor of Zeus. 
  Greek literature holds status due to works like Homers poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. Playwrights such, as Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes created enduring tragedies and comedies that delved into the complexities of existence. 
  In the realm of science and mathematics the Greeks achieved significant breakthroughs. 
  Prominent individuals such, as Pythagoras, Euclid and Archimedes played roles in advancing the fields of geometry and calculus. Meanwhile philosophers, like Thales and Democritus laid the foundations for reasoning. 
  Turning to politics Ancient Greece primarily relied on city states, each governed by its system. Athens implemented a form of democracy where citizens actively participated in decision making processes while Sparta had an disciplined structure. 
  Ancient Greece's influence can still be seen in various aspects of modern society, including government, philosophy, language, art, and sports. Its legacy continues to resonate in the Western world, making it one of the most impactful civilizations in history.

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