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  Selected Works of John Stuart...

  John Mill

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  On Liberty is a philosophical essay by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill. Published in 1859, it applies Mill's ethical system of utilitarianism to society and state. Mill suggests standards for the relationship between authority and liberty. He emphasizes the importance of individuality, which he considers prerequisite to the higher pleasures—the summum bonum of utilitarianism. Furthermore, Mill asserts that democratic ideals may result in the tyranny of the majority. Among the standards proposed are Mill's three basic liberties of individuals, his three legitimate objections to government intervention, and his two maxims regarding the relationship of the individual to society.On Liberty was a greatly influential and well-received work. Some classical liberals and libertarians have criticized it for its apparent discontinuity with Utilitarianism, and vagueness in defining the arena within which individuals can contest government infringements on their personal freedom of action. The ideas presented in On Liberty have remained the basis of much political thought. It has remained in print since its initial publication. A copy of On Liberty is passed to the president of the British Liberal Democrats as a symbol of office.Utilitarianism is a classic exposition and defence of utilitarianism in ethics. The essay first appeared as a series of three articles published in Fraser's Magazine in 1861; the articles were collected and reprinted as a single book in 1863.  Mill's aim in the book is to explain what utilitarianism is, to show why it is the best theory of ethics, and to defend it against a wide range of criticisms and misunderstandings. Though heavily criticized both in Mill's lifetime and in the years since, Utilitarianism did a great deal to popularize utilitarian ethics and has been considered "the most influential philosophical articulation of a liberal humanistic morality that was produced in the nineteenth century.Contents:On LibertyUtilitarianism

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  Spirit Voices - The Mysteries...

  David Shi

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  A guide to authentic North Asian Shamanism, past and present 
   
   
    
  The word shamanism is frequently bandied about but rarely used accurately. Shamanologist Nicholas Breeze Wood coined the following definition: "A shaman is someone chose by the spirits [typically at/before birth] and who can go into a controlled and repeatable deliberate trance state, during which they: A) experience 'spirit flight,' where they go to meet the spirit worlds and meet spirits, who they either fight with, negotiate with, or trick, in order to create change in this physical world, or B) are often taken over/possessed by the spirits (normally ancestral shaman spirits, or local land spirits) while in this physical world—the spirits using the shaman's voice and body to heal, or give advice to members of the shaman's community.  Without the spirits, and their blessing, a shaman can not exist or function. Without the trance state, it is not shamanism." 
   
   
   
  Author David Shi, for whom these are family traditions, explores the history and practice of shamanism. What is it? Where is it from? How does one become a shaman? Shi guides listeners through unfamiliar territory—the landscape of North Asia—and through what are largely hidden and unfamiliar traditions. Spirit Voices takes and in-depth look at three main cultural shamanic traditions: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungus.

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  How Fascism Works: Book Summary...

  Briefly Summaries

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  This is a concise summary and analysis of How Fascism Works, by Jason Stanley.
   
  It is not the original book and is not affiliated with or endorsed by Jason Stanley.
   
  Ideal those seeking a quick and insightful overview.
   
  How Fascism Works offers a penetrating examination of the mechanisms that fascist ideologies employ to seize and maintain power. With historical examples and contemporary insights, this book dissects the tactics of propaganda, division, and fear, revealing how these strategies exploit societal vulnerabilities to undermine democracy and promote authoritarianism. It is an essential guide for understanding the warning signs and combating the resurgence of fascist tendencies in the modern world.

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  The Real Problems Destroying...

  Bryan Wetzel

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  Make no mistake, education in America is undeniably broken and careering off the tracks. This viewpoint is shared from the perspective of a father who had children navigating the education system, a husband with a wife actively contributing to the education system, and an entrepreneur who developed and sold educational resources to public schools around the country. These unique vantage points have provided an invaluable insight into the inner workings of the American education system. 
  This book aims to offer an intimate glimpse behind the curtains, shedding light on the multitude of factors, policy decisions, and political entanglements that have contributed to the current state of our public education system. It serves as a wake-up call, revealing a myriad of issues that the majority of parents are blissfully unaware of, issues that are quietly eroding the foundations of our children's education. In addition to the author's personal experiences, we conducted interviews with 69 former teachers and administrators to gain a comprehensive understanding of how education has evolved over the years, and unfortunately, the findings indicate a negative trend. If parents were aware of these disconcerting revelations, it is safe to assume that they would have legitimate concerns. 
  The purpose of this book is to reveal the true extent of the challenges that plague our education system in America, in the hopes of igniting a collective desire to take action and secure a brighter future for education in our nation.

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  Can Scientists Succeed Where...

  Peter Agre, MB BChir Seema Yasmin

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  How can science prevail when policies fall short? 
   
   
   
  Sometimes in secret, sometimes as official ambassadors for their governments, scientists trade their white coats for blazers, stepping out of the lab and directly into sensitive, often life-threatening global crises. Think of the Paris Climate Agreement or the Iran Nuclear Deal, the Manhattan Project, and the Antarctic Treaty of 1959. Scientists have played a pivotal role in many of the greatest episodes in political history. 
   
   
   
  But what prompts their involvement in international affairs, and what are some of the impacts of their efforts? Can Scientists Succeed Where Politicians Fail? recounts Nobel laureate Dr. Peter Agre's career as a physician-scientist who went from studying malaria and other diseases to meeting with Fidel Castro in Cuba, discoursing with North Korean officials, and traveling into the Islamic Republic of Iran. 
   
   
   
  The book explores Agre's story alongside those of volcanologists in North Korea, epidemiologists in Latin America, and other scientists who have and are working alongside politicians, from African tribal chiefs to communist leaders, to tackle natural disasters and infectious threats in new ways.

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  Great Powers Club The: The...

  Charles River Editors

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  By the time of Egypt’s Nineteenth Dynasty, the Egyptians had created a vast empire that stretched from what would be the modern region of northern Sudan in the south to southern Syria in the north (Kuhrt 2010, 1:185). With control of such a vast empire, the Egyptians were able to export valuable minerals such as gold and silver, which were much rarer in the other Near Eastern kingdoms, and imported horses, timber, and chariots that they used to build their impressive military. A chronological examination of ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom reveals the process in which Egypt transitioned from a regional kingdom to an international empire. The examination will demonstrate that the New Kingdom was a fairly complex system that brought about several changes in pharaonic culture before ultimately collapsing.  
  Compared to some of their contemporaries – including the Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians – the Hittites were somewhat distant both culturally and geographically. The Hittites were an Indo-European speaking in an ocean of Afro-Asiatic and Semitic groups, their homeland was to the north of Mesopotamia, and it contained no major river like the Nile, Tigris, or Euphrates Rivers. The Hittite empire was also far less enduring than its neighbors, as it only existed from about 1800-1200 BCE (van de Mieroop 2007, 156), which was considerably shorter than most of the other major kingdoms of the Near East.  
  Like a number of ancient individuals and empires in that region, the negative perception of ancient Assyrian culture was passed down through Biblical accounts, and regardless of the accuracy of the Bible’s depiction of certain events, the Assyrians clearly played the role of adversary for the Israelites. Indeed, Assyria (Biblical Shinar) and the Assyrian people played an important role in many books of the Old Testament and are first mentioned in the book of Genesis.

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