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  The Rise of Capitalism - How...

  Arlo Holders

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  The origins of capitalism can be traced back to the gradual shift from feudal economies to market-based systems. In medieval Europe, wealth was primarily tied to land ownership, with a rigid social hierarchy that limited economic mobility. The feudal system depended on agrarian production, where peasants worked the land owned by nobles in exchange for protection. However, as trade expanded and urban centers grew, the foundations of capitalism began to emerge. 
  One of the earliest indicators of this transformation was the rise of merchant guilds and early banking systems. As trade routes connected Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, merchants sought more efficient ways to conduct business, leading to the establishment of guilds that regulated commerce and maintained quality standards. Banking families, such as the Medici in Renaissance Italy, played a crucial role in financing trade and investment, paving the way for modern financial institutions. The shift toward money-based transactions rather than bartering allowed wealth to accumulate outside the traditional feudal framework. 
  Another key development was the concept of private property and individual ownership. In the late medieval period, the enclosure movement in England marked a significant departure from communal farming practices. Landowners began fencing off common lands for private use, displacing many rural laborers and forcing them to seek employment in emerging industries. This shift not only created a labor force for industrial production but also reinforced the idea that property and capital could be owned, bought, and sold freely—an essential pillar of capitalism.

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  The Fires of Lust - Sex in the...

  Katherine Harvey

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  An illuminating exploration of the surprisingly familiar sex lives of ordinary medieval people. 
   
   
    
  The medieval humoral system of medicine suggested that it was possible to die from having too much—or too little—sex, while the Roman Catholic Church taught that virginity was the ideal state. Holy men and women committed themselves to lifelong abstinence in the name of religion. Everyone was forced to conform to restrictive rules about who they could have sex with, in what way, how often, and even when, and could be harshly punished for getting it wrong. Other experiences are more familiar. Like us, medieval people faced challenges in finding a suitable partner or trying to get pregnant (or trying not to). They also struggled with many of the same social issues, such as whether prostitution should be legalized. Above all, they shared our fondness for dirty jokes and erotic images. By exploring their sex lives, the book brings ordinary medieval people to life, revealing details of their most personal thoughts and experiences. Ultimately, it provides us with an important and intimate connection to the past. 
   
   
   
  Contains mature themes.

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  Whose Language Is English?

  Jieun Kiaer

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  Whose language is English? Although we often think of it as native to one place, today there are many Englishes. About seventy-five countries are now using English as their official or first language, and the number of people speaking it around the world continues to rise. But the makeup of the English-speaking population is changing. The proportion of speakers for whom English is a first language is decreasing, due to the explosion in popularity of English as a second language. 
   
   
    
  In this ambitious book, Jieun Kiaer explores the lives of English words in the twenty-first century, when the creation and use of language has become an increasingly dynamic, interactive, and diverse process in which ordinary people have taken leading roles—offering such coinages as "flexitarian," "MeToo," "glow up," and "shitizen" to "No sabo kids" and beyond. As English language grows ever more diverse, Kiaer believes, we need a paradigm shift. We must acknowledge that all varieties of English are languages in their own right when they are used by a community of speakers. English is a language that belongs to everyone. 
   
   
    
  Considering the effects of social media, the Covid-19 pandemic, virtual work, globalization, and artificial intelligence, Kiaer paints a compelling portrait of a rapidly evolving language characterized by creativity and democratization.

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  Philosophy of Knowledge and...

  Hector Davidson

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  This book contains the following 17 titles: 
  - Aesthetics  
  - Analytic Philosophy  
  - Epistemology  
  - Hedonism  
  - Idealism  
  - Jean-Jacques Rousseau  
  - Jean-Paul Sartre  
  - John Rawls  
  - John Stuart Mill  
  - Liberalism  
  - Metaphysics  
  - Nihilism  
  - Phenomenology  
  - Pragmatism  
  - René Descartes  
  - Structuralism  
  - Zeno  
  Get this discounted bundle today!

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  No Island of Sanity - Paula...

  Vincent Bugliosi

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  In a series called "The Library of Contemporary Thought," top opinion-makers explore the most provocative, fascinating, and momentous issues that have occurred in the United States. In this first volume, famed Los Angeles prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi takes on the Supreme Court. Considered by some to be an island of sanity surrounded by a sea of insanity that is our society, the Supreme Court has increasingly come under scrutiny for some dubious decisions.
  In this compelling work, Bugliosi puts the Supreme Court on trial for its handling of Paula Jones vs. Bill Clinton. The author argues that the right of a president to be free of a private lawsuit while in office outweighs a plaintiff's interest in having his or her case brought expediently to trial—regardless of a case's supposed merit.

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  The Case of the Married Woman -...

  Antonia Fraser

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  Caroline Norton dazzled nineteenth-century society with her vivacity, her intelligence, her poetry, and in her role as an artist's muse. After her marriage in 1828 to the MP George Norton, she continued to attract friends and admirers to her salon in Westminster. Most prominent among her admirers was the widowed Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne. 
   
   
   
  Racked with jealousy, George Norton took the Prime Minister to court, suing him for damages on account of his adultery with Caroline. A dramatic trial followed. Despite the unexpected and sensational result—acquittal—Norton was still able to legally deny Caroline access to her children. He also claimed her income as an author for himself, since the copyrights of a married woman belonged to her husband. 
   
   
   
  Yet Caroline refused to despair. Beset by the personal cruelties perpetrated by her husband and a society whose rules were set against her, she chose to fight. She channeled her energies in an area of much-needed reform: the rights of a married woman and specifically those of a mother. She campaigned tirelessly, achieving her first landmark victory with the Infant Custody Act of 1839. Provisions which are now taken for granted owe much to Caroline, who was determined to secure justice for women at all levels of society from the privileged to the dispossessed.

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