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  Brainwashing - Forcibly Changing...

  Cito Harder

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  Brainwashing is a process that manipulates an individual’s thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions, often without their conscious awareness. It is rooted in psychological principles that exploit the way the human mind processes information, reacts to stress, and seeks social belonging. By systematically breaking down existing thought patterns and replacing them with new ones, brainwashing can reshape an individual’s identity, morality, and loyalty. Understanding the psychology behind this phenomenon reveals why it is so effective and why some people are more susceptible than others. 
  At its core, brainwashing relies on cognitive dissonance, a psychological state that occurs when a person holds conflicting beliefs or values. When subjected to persistent pressure, individuals experience discomfort and seek to resolve the inconsistency. This vulnerability makes them more likely to accept new ideas, especially if rejecting them would lead to further psychological distress. Manipulators use this to their advantage, gradually shifting a person’s perception by presenting them with controlled information while isolating them from opposing viewpoints. Over time, the person internalizes the new ideology, often without realizing they have been influenced. 
  Another key psychological mechanism in brainwashing is the use of repetition. The more frequently an idea is presented, the more familiar and acceptable it becomes. Studies in cognitive psychology suggest that repeated exposure to a particular message strengthens neural pathways, making certain thoughts or beliefs more automatic. This is why propaganda, advertising, and even extremist ideologies rely heavily on repetition—constant reinforcement solidifies the desired mindset. The brain, overwhelmed by a lack of alternative perspectives, begins to default to the new beliefs as truth.

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  The Invented State - Policy...

  Emily Thorson

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  In The Invented State, Emily Thorson argues that a problematic and understudied aspect of political misinformation reflects widespread public misperception about what the government does. Because much of public policy is invisible to the public, there is fertile ground for false beliefs to flourish, leading to what Thorson terms the "invented state": systematic misperceptions about public policy. However, people get the facts wrong not because they are stupid or blinded by partisan loyalty. Misperceptions are created when three conditions are met: when citizens have incomplete information about an issue, when their own biases color their understanding of it, and when they feel that the issue is important. The invented state is created by exposure to misinformation and by individuals' cognitive errors. 
   
   
   
  Correcting these policy misperceptions is highly effective at reducing false beliefs. Providing people with corrective information has downstream effects on attitudes. When they learn how policies really work, their approval increases and they also shift their policy priorities. Contrary to pundits' assumptions of a public who is largely indifferent to policy, there is a deep public desire to learn basic facts about how the government works. Thorson meets that desire with analysis on how the media can identify and correct substantive policy misperceptions.

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  Try Anarchism for Life - The...

  Cindy Barukh Milstein

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  Try Anarchism for Life revolves around a thought experiment: What are some of the many beautiful dimensions of anarchism? In reply, it blends gorgeous circle A drawings by twenty-six artists with Milstein’s words, forming picture-prose that are at once inviting and playful, poignant and dreamy. The pieces encourage us to notice and expand on liberatory practices, especially in a time when so much feels impossible. In depicting how anarchism gifts us lives worth living, this book warms ailing hearts and offers tender succor.

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  Football Club Geopolitics - New...

  Kévin Veyssière

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  Preface by Pascal Boniface.
  Why did the Euro soccer tournament follow in the footsteps of European integration? What confrontations are impossible between certain countries, such as those between Russia and Ukraine, or Armenia and Azerbaijan? Which matches have gone beyond sporting stakes to become geopolitical “wars”? Or, conversely, how can soccer be a tool of emancipation for peoples? Or even play a part in the political strategies of countries such as Saudi Arabia and Qatar as they seek to improve their image in the eyes of the world? 
  In a pleasant and precise style, the author tells us 22 stories in which the round ball found itself at the heart of international relations. He shows us that geopolitics is neither boring nor reserved for seasoned diplomats, and that soccer can go beyond the pitch.

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  Governing by Fake News

  Jacques Baud

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  What are Islamic State is seeking to create a civil war in France; that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad used chemical weapons; that Vladimir Putin is trying to destabilise our democracies; that terrorism has struck France, not for what it does, but for what it is; that the genocide in Darfur has claimed 400,000 victims?... Literally none, but these assertions are enough to establish the foreign policy of Western countries. The author, a former agent of the Swiss strategic intelligence service, reviews the main contemporary conflicts that Western countries have managed with fake news over the last thirty years. Jacques Baud, a colonel, chemical and nuclear weapons expert, trained in counter-terrorism and counter-guerrilla warfare, designed the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) and its Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA). In the service of the United Nations, he served as Chief of Doctrine for Peacekeeping Operations in New York, and was engaged in Africa. In NATO, he led the fight against the proliferation of small arms. He is the author of several books on intelligence, asymmetric warfare and terrorism. 
  This audiobook is read by a synthesized voice.

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  Plowshares into Swords -...

  David Ekbladh

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  An in-depth look at how the ideas formulated by the interwar League of Nations shaped American thinking on the modern global order. 
  Plowshares into Swords recaptures the power of knowledge and information developed between World War I and World War II by an international society of institutions and individuals committed to liberal international order and given focus by the League of Nations in Geneva. That information and analysis revolutionized critical debates in a world in crisis. In doing so, David Ekbladh transforms conventional understandings of the United States’ postwar hegemony, showing that important elements of it were profoundly influenced by ideas that emerged from international exchanges. The League’s work was one part of a larger transnational movement that included the United States and which saw the emergence of concepts like national income, gross domestic product, and other attempts to define and improve the standards of living, as well as new approaches to old questions about the role of government. Forged as tools for peace these ideas were beaten into weapons as World War II threatened. Ekbladh recounts how, though the US had never been a member of the organization, vital parts of the League were rescued after the fall of France in 1940 and given asylum at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. However, this presence in the US is just one reason its already well-regarded economic analyses and example were readily mobilized by influential American and international figures for an Allied “war of ideas,” plans for a postwar world, and even blueprints for the new United Nations. How did this body of information become so valuable? As Ekbladh makes clear, the answer is that information and analysis themselves became crucial currencies in global affairs: to sustain a modern, liberal global order, a steady stream of information about economics, politics, and society was, and remains, indispensable.

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