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  Mysterious North America:...

  Editors Charles River

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  At a time in antiquity when most of Europe was covered with forests and wandering tribes, Mexico had already developed complex civilizations, beginning with the Olmecs and followed by the Maya, a civilization with advanced knowledge of medicine, engineering and astronomy. The Maya calculated the precession of the equinoxes and cycles of the Pleiades, on which they based their year, since they believed they had come from that constellation. The last, and perhaps most famous, great civilization before the arrival of the Europeans was the Aztecs. 
  With so many ancient peoples whose influence, beliefs, and modifications to the landscape extend to the present day, Mexico is fertile land for legends, ghosts, surprising places, and mysteries. A belief in communing with things that lie beyond (stars, constellations, and life after death), mysticism, and apparitions are intimately woven into the colorful fabric of the Mexican nation. 
  As for the United States, many Americans think the land has always had a dark side and a strange side. Monsters and ghosts lurk in its woods and old houses, and strange monuments that may be from a forgotten civilization puzzle local investigators. All the while, the early inhabitants themselves were always superstitious, as evidenced by history’s most famous witch trials. 
  Canada has the reputation of being a boring place, but dig a little below the surface, and you’ll find a different Canada, a stranger Canada, one of murder, mystery, and paranormal experiences. The stories that follow will show that Canada, far from being a dull, staid nation where nothing much happens, is an epicenter of the mysterious. 
  Mysterious North America: Mysteries, Legends, and Unexplained Phenomena across the United States, Mexico, and Canada offers a vast compendium of strange, unexplained, and just plain odd stories across North America’s various regions.

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  Roman Society and Culture - A...

  Rogan Fish

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  Roman society, one of the most influential civilizations in human history, was built upon a complex and well-structured foundation that evolved over centuries. The origins of Roman civilization can be traced back to the early settlements along the Tiber River, where communities of farmers and shepherds gradually coalesced into the city-state of Rome. As Rome expanded, both geographically and politically, its social structure grew more intricate, reflecting a blend of indigenous customs and influences from conquered territories. 
  At the heart of Roman society was a rigid social hierarchy, essential to maintaining order and stability. This structure was divided primarily into two main classes: the patricians and the plebeians. The patricians were the elite, consisting of noble families who claimed descent from Rome's founding fathers. They held significant political power and owned vast lands. In contrast, the plebeians represented the common people, including farmers, craftsmen, and laborers. Though initially excluded from many aspects of governance, the plebeians gradually secured political rights through persistent social struggles, leading to the establishment of the office of the Tribune, which protected their interests. 
  Apart from these major classes, Roman society also included a growing number of slaves, who were often prisoners of war or born into servitude. Slavery was integral to the Roman economy, with slaves performing various tasks, from domestic duties to skilled labor in workshops. Despite their lack of freedom, some slaves, particularly those with specialized skills, could earn their emancipation, gaining the status of freedmen and integrating into the lower echelons of society.

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  Americans with African Roots...

  El Piper

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  Americans With African Roots Empowered (A’WA’RE™) offers a grounded and insightful exploration of the history and identity of the Hebrew Israelites, tracing their journey from biblical times through centuries of exile, colonization, and cultural erasure. Beginning with King James VI and I, the book examines how his influence shaped the Bible’s translation and how this version was used to reinforce imperial agendas. Through careful comparison with ancient texts such as the Ethiopian Bible and analysis of removed or suppressed scriptures, the book reveals how religious doctrine was reshaped to justify colonization and slavery. The transformation of the Hebrew Israelite faith into a tool of European dominance is laid bare, showing how key elements of biblical history were distorted or omitted. Spanning events from the founding of Jamestown to the transatlantic slave trade, this work connects pivotal historical moments to the ongoing journey of a people whose story has often been hidden. It also explores the cultural endurance and prophetic traditions of the Hebrew Israelites, the evolving role of women, and the spiritual impact of the King James Bible on African-American communities. This is both a historical reexamination and a call to rediscover truth, identity, and legacy in the face of centuries of misrepresentation.

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  Historic Triangle of Virginia...

  Editors Charles River

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  Jamestown is fondly remembered today for being the first permanent English settlement in the colonies, but it was not fondly remembered by those who lived and died there. The English quickly learned it would be difficult to establish a permanent settlement because of the poor weather, the swampy terrain, the hostile natives living nearby, and the general inexperience and ineptitude of the English settlers. During their first winter, everyone nearly starved, and more than half of the settlers died. By the end of the winter of 1609-1610, known as the “starving time”, barely 10% of the settlers were still alive. Nevertheless, Jamestown is remembered today because the settlement did survive through the hardships and go on to serve as the capital of the English colony for much of the 17th century. At the same time, one of the biggest reasons for its survival and fame today can be attributed to the local Native Americans, particularly Pocahontas, who has added both a human and romanticized, mythological element to Jamestown.  
  	Along with Jamestown and Yorktown, Colonial Williamsburg is known today as part of the Historic Triangle of Virginia, but all three of these old Virginian sites are known for vastly different reasons. While Yorktown was the scene of the final climactic battle of the American Revolution and Jamestown is remembered for being the first English settlement to survive in Virginia, Colonial Williamsburg is now best known as a bridge to the past.  
   Williamsburg got its start as a fortified site, which was vitally necessary for English settlers to heavily outnumbered by nearby Native Americans, many of which were at times hostile. Known originally as Middle Plantation, the site served as the capital of the colony for much of the 18th century, and it bore witness to seminal events in the history of Revolutionary era America.

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  Silent Scream - A Nordic Non-Noir

  Roxanne Varzi

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  Alex slips off her headphones and savors the sensation of stillness in silence while the crowd dances on at Oslo’s hot new silent disco. She is conducting her dream field research on sound and attention when a handsome stranger beckons to her from across the dance floor. Hoping for a little warmth in Norway’s cold climate, she follows him -- going from anthropology PhD student to murder suspect. With the Norwegian police and a killer closing in, Alex is stranded in a country where every puzzle piece is slightly out of place. While dyslexia makes reading Norwegian difficult, it also gifts her an uncanny ability to read people. Soon she is channeling Ms. Marple as much as Margaret Meade, as she re-places puzzle pieces and navigates the sharp edges of the frosty Fjord in an attempt to free herself and return home.

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  Sumer: The History of the Cities...

  Editors Charles River

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  When American archaeologists discovered a collection of cuneiform tablets in Iraq in the late 19th century, they were confronted with a language and a people who were at the time only scarcely known to even the most knowledgeable scholars of ancient Mesopotamia: the Sumerians. The exploits and achievements of other Mesopotamian peoples, such as the Assyrians and Babylonians, were already known to a large segment of the population through the Old Testament and the nascent field of Near Eastern studies had unraveled the enigma of the Akkadian language that was widely used throughout the region in ancient times, but the discovery of the Sumerian tablets brought to light the existence of the Sumerian culture, which was the oldest of all the Mesopotamian cultures. 
  Although the Sumerians continue to get second or even third billing compared to the Babylonians and Assyrians, perhaps because they never built an empire as great as the Assyrians or established a city as enduring and great as Babylon, they were the people who provided the template of civilization that all later Mesopotamians built upon. The Sumerians are credited with being the first people to invent writing, libraries, cities, and schools in Mesopotamia (Ziskind 1972, 34), and many would argue that they were the first people to create and do those things anywhere in world. 
  For a people so great it is unfortunate that their accomplishments and contributions, not only to Mesopotamian civilization but to civilization in general, largely go unnoticed by the majority of the public. Perhaps the Sumerians were victims of their own success; they gradually entered the historical record, established a fine civilization, and then slowly submerged into the cultural patchwork of their surroundings. 

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