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  Hidden History of the Outer Banks

  Sarah Downing

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  The history of North Carolina's Outer Banks is as ancient and mesmerizing as its beaches. Much has been documented, but many stories were lost—until now. 
   
   
   
  Join local author and historian Sarah Downing as she reveals a past of the Outer Banks eroded by time and tides. Revel in the nostalgic days of the Carolina Beach Pavilion, stand in the shadows of windmills that once lined the coast, and learn how native islanders honor those aviation giants, the Wright brothers. Downing's vignettes adventure through windswept dunes, dive deep in search of the lost ironclad the Monitor, and lament the decline of the diamondback terrapin. Break out the beach chair and let your mind soak in the salty bygone days of these famed coastal extremities.

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  The Cultural Revolution -...

  Nova Ashford

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  The Cultural Revolution, which took place in China from 1966 to 1976, was one of the most tumultuous and transformative periods in the country’s history. Initiated by Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People’s Republic of China, the movement sought to preserve Chinese communism by removing capitalist, traditional, and cultural elements from Chinese society. At its core, the Cultural Revolution aimed to enforce Maoist ideology, reaffirm his leadership, and transform the cultural, social, and political fabric of China. It was a radical attempt to reshape Chinese society by addressing perceived corruption and ideological impurity within the Communist Party and broader society. 
  Mao’s motivations for launching the Cultural Revolution were multifaceted. After the failure of the Great Leap Forward (1958-1962), which had resulted in widespread famine and economic chaos, Mao’s position within the Communist Party had been weakened. The Cultural Revolution provided Mao with an opportunity to reassert his control over the party and eliminate rivals, many of whom were seen as too moderate or resistant to his vision of a truly communist society. It also reflected Mao’s concern that China was veering away from the revolutionary ideals that had initially driven the Communist Party. 
  The movement was largely propelled by the Red Guards, a youth-based movement that encouraged the younger generation to challenge authority and remove perceived counter-revolutionary influences. Under the banner of Maoism, the Red Guards sought to destroy the "Four Olds"—old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas. This led to widespread destruction of cultural heritage, including temples, books, and artworks. Intellectuals, teachers, and perceived enemies of the revolution were subjected to violent persecution, public humiliation, and forced labor, with many being sent to the countryside for "re-education."

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  The Middle Kingdom of Egypt - A...

  Omar Khalil

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  The Middle Kingdom of Egypt marked a transformative period following the turmoil of the First Intermediate Period. This era, spanning roughly from 2050 to 1710 BCE, saw the reunification of Egypt under the leadership of Mentuhotep II, the pharaoh who established stability after years of political fragmentation. As the nation emerged from chaos, the Middle Kingdom laid the foundations for a revitalized state, fostering political, cultural, and economic growth. 
  The collapse of the Old Kingdom had left Egypt divided, with rival factions vying for control. This power vacuum led to the rise of regional rulers known as nomarchs, whose increasing autonomy weakened central authority. The struggle for dominance between these local leaders marked the First Intermediate Period, characterized by instability and fragmented governance. However, the emergence of Mentuhotep II, a ruler from Thebes, marked a turning point. Determined to restore order, he led a series of military campaigns to reunite Upper and Lower Egypt. His victory over the Herakleopolitan kings signified the dawn of a new era. 
  Reunification under Mentuhotep II not only consolidated political power but also reestablished the role of the pharaoh as a central figure of authority. As the unifier of Egypt, Mentuhotep II portrayed himself as the restorer of ma'at—harmony and justice. His reign marked the beginning of the 11th Dynasty and set a precedent for strong, centralized rule. The restoration of internal stability allowed for significant cultural and artistic developments, reflecting a renewed sense of national identity.

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  The Perilous Deep - A...

  Karl Bell

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  The story of the stories we tell about the abyss, uncanny folklore linking seafarers across time and the globe. The vast expanse, unknown depths, dangers, and mysteries of the sea have led mariners to create fantastical stories of ghosts and monsters for centuries; it is a world strange and other to the experience of land dwellers. This body of lore has served to bond nautical communities together around the world and throughout history, with international stories fusing with local tales. The Perilous Deep explores why these stories were told, how they were repeated and mutated, and what fears, anxieties, and desires they helped to express. This is a fascinating exploration of the supernatural history of the Atlantic Ocean and some of its neighboring seas, showing how seafaring peoples have developed knowledge and a sense of control over nature through myths and legends.

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  Southern Indian Kingdoms -...

  Rolf Hedger

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  The southern Indian kingdoms played a crucial role in shaping the history and culture of the subcontinent. Among them, the Chera, Chola, and Pandya dynasties stood out for their military power, economic influence, and contributions to art and literature.  
  The Chera Dynasty, known for its control over important trade routes, established strong maritime links with Rome, China, and Southeast Asia.  
  The Chola Empire, one of the most formidable powers of medieval India, expanded its influence beyond the Indian subcontinent, boasting a powerful navy and an advanced administrative system.  
  The Pandya Empire, with its deep roots in Tamil culture, was known for its patronage of Sangam literature and its strategic dominance over key trade centers. These dynasties not only shaped the political landscape of southern India but also contributed to its rich artistic, architectural, and literary heritage. Through their extensive trade networks and cultural achievements, the Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas left an enduring legacy that continues to influence South Indian traditions today.

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  Trip to Russia

  Stefan Zweig

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  "What journey within our immediate world today would be remotely as interesting, enchanting, instructive and exciting as that to Russia? While our Europe, and especially the capitals, are subject to the inexorably contemporary process of mutual assimilation and resemblance, Russia remains utterly unparalleled." Stephen Zweig, 1928. After Stefan Zweig's bourgeois world collapsed with the First World War, he went searching for alternative forms of society, which culminated in a journey through the at that time still young Soviet Union. His perceptions and impressions during the trip remained ambivalent and moved between the generally prevailing glorification of the USSR by parts of the Western European intelligentsia and the harsh reality of life among the population. Stefan Zweig's non-political trip to the USSR is probably one of the most extraordinary travelogues of the 1920s and appears today almost 90 years later as a kaleidoscope into a past that is once again up-to-date.

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