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  Hellenization of the Near East...

  Charles River Editors

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  On his deathbed, some historians claim that when he was pressed to name a successor, Alexander the Great muttered that his empire should go “to the strongest”. Other sources claim that he passed his signet ring to his general Perdiccas, thereby naming him successor, but whatever his choices were or may have been, they were ignored. Alexander’s generals, all of them with the loyalty of their own corps at their backs, would tear each other apart in a vicious internal struggle that lasted almost half a century before four factions emerged victorious: Macedonia, the Seleucid Empire in the east, the Kingdom of Pergamon in Asia Minor, and the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. During the course of these wars, Alexander’s only heir, the posthumously born Alexander IV, was murdered, extinguishing his bloodline forever.  
  For a time, the Seleucids commanded the largest empire in the world as it stretched from the high plains and deserts of what is now Afghanistan in the east to parts of the Levant and Asia Minor in the west. The empire’s early kings were strong and shrewd and committed to the ideas of Hellenism as much as holding power and expanding the realm of their empire. By establishing notable Greek cities like Antioch, the empire tried with partial success to create a sense of cultural harmony among a giant melting pot, which spanned thousands of miles and incorporated a countless number of ethnicities.  
  Most famously, Ptolemy’s line firmly established the Hellenistic culture of the Greeks while ruling over Egypt, and by marrying within their family line, the Ptolemaic pharaohs kept their Hellenistic heritage until the very end of Ptolemy’s line, which died with Cleopatra in 30 BCE.  The Ptolemies gave ancient Egypt an injection of vitality that had not been seen in the Nile Valley for centuries, preserving many aspects of native Egyptian culture while adding their own layer of Hellenic culture. 

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  Fur Trade in North America The:...

  Editors Charles River

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  Though the importance of hats is easy to overlook, it was deadly serious in more ways than one, impacting the beavers and birds used to make fashionable hats, the environment of the region, and the people fighting over the resources. Beaver hats put the Dutch, British, and French in conflict, and later the Americans and Canadians. Plumed women’s hats were considerably less important historically, but they had a huge ecological impact. The beaver is a crucial species that once had an immense impact on the environment around it, while the short era concerning the plume trade for women’s hats drove a number of bird species to near-extinction. Indeed, several species have never recovered their numbers. The end product was fashionable men’s and women’s hats, sold primarily in Europe and the United States, but from raw materials to finished products, these hats linked tribal peoples, traders, hunters, trappers, merchants, and soldiers. Whether it crossed their minds or not, countless men and women in London and Paris were linked to the North American wilderness and all the violence it entailed. 
  The fur trade had its tensions, but for many years, traders and natives worked out their own systems, times, and traditions, allowing many different groups to interact and even compete without issues that led to war. Though native groups sometimes found themselves in conflicts based on long-standing rivalries or relations with the Europeans, most of the fur traders, the trappers, the Indians, and Hudson’s Bay Company officials lived peaceably. The great amount of distance from one another in this land of millions of miles likely helped to alleviate tensions. When a new vision for the Hudson’s Bay Company came about, one where settlers, not itinerants, would be responsible for the colony, the rules changed.

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  Conversational Phrases Romanian...

  RomanianPod101.com, Innovative...

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  Are you trying to learn Romanian…but having trouble speaking?
   
  Do you struggle coming up with your own Romanian sentences?
   
  Are you tired of not understanding how Romanian grammar works?
   
  
   
  If you answered yes to any of these questions, …
   
  
   
  ...then the Conversational Phrases Audiobook, Level 1 - Absolute Beginner is for you!
   
  
   
  In this beginner-level Audiobook, you will master over 25 common sentence patterns across 25 simple lessons. By the end, you’ll be able to ask common questions and answer them in your own way, all while acquiring over 100 Romanian words. 
   
  
   
  Most importantly, you’ll be able to have real conversations in various social situations.
   
  
   
  How, you may ask? Each lesson introduces a new conversation reflecting a real-world situation, including casual chats between friends as well as dialogues in more formal settings. Learning is made easy with three simple steps:
   
  
   
  1. Get familiar: First, you get a sample conversation and its translation.
   
  2. Understand: Then, we explain an underlying sentence pattern, so you can grasp the grammar and actually understand how the Romanian works.
   
  3. Practice: Lastly, you create your own responses… and start speaking Romanian!
   
  
   
  Lessons in this audiobook include:
   
  - Going Sightseeing
   
  - Going to a Restaurant
   
  - Giving Directions
   
  - Going to the Movies
   
  - Renting an Apartment
   
  And much more!
   
  
   
  Conversational Phrases Audiobook, Level 1 - Absolute Beginner contains:
   
  - 25 Lessons 
   
  - 4 Hours+ of Content
   
  - 1 Core Pattern Per Lesson
   
  - 100+ Romanian Vocabulary Words
   
  - 28 Page Accompanying PDF eBook
   
  
   
  Download the PDF and read along

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  What Wise Men Do - The Secret...

  Philip Gardiner

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  Over the course of human history there have been many men who have stood out amongst the crowd. Whether writers of fiction, great physicians or even politicians, these men may in fact share a common purpose, regardless of the age in which they lived. What Wise Men Do analyses various great men such as:
  
  Paracelsus
  Grand Master Pinto of the Knights of Malta
  Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
  Jules Verne
  H. G. Wells
  Bram Stoker
  Bob Kane the creator of Batman
  
  In this series of investigations, a thread of truth is discovered, revealing an inner yearning linked to our own evolutionary path and shared by each and every one of the individuals in question. This book investigates concepts of magic as seen in each age and questions the truth of the statements against modern science and even theoretical science. In each case some new and startling discovery is made, making this compelling book a revelation from chapter to chapter.

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  The Rainbow Age of Television -...

  Shayna Maci Warner

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  With the last decade's television boom across a multitude of platforms, American audiences are being treated to a cascade of shows that some have trumpeted as a second Golden Age. But something completely new is stirring, too—the Rainbow Age. For the first time in the history of American television, we have shows in which LGBTQIA+ characters have evolved from being an anomaly to being an almost given and celebrated presence on the small screen. But what more can queer TV do? Is each new queer character really breaking ground? And has the curse of the fictional dead lesbian finally been defeated? 
   
   
   
  The Rainbow Age of Television tackles these questions and more as author Shayna Maci Warner tracks the history and evolution of LGBTQIA+ icons across the televised ages and into the future—from the first televised queer kiss (we think) to the shows that are making household names and heroes of queer characters. Warner uses original interviews with queer TV icons along with detailed history to investigate the constraints under which queer people have been allowed to exist on American television. The Rainbow Age of Television explores why queer people are so invested in—and conflicted by—the kinds of storytelling that TV has to offer. Above all, it's a celebration of the LGBTQIA+ shows, their characters, and their creators that define this new age in television.

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  A Rare Recording of Major...

  Major General Smedley D. Butler

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  By the end his military career, Major General Smedley D. Butler was the most decorated Marine in US history, having received two medals of honor. After his service, he became an outspoken critic of US wars and wrote a scathing book called, “War Is A Racket.” The following audio clips include; In November 1934, Butler exposing an alleged fascist coup to remove President Franklin D Roosevelt from office and overthrow the U.S. government; A scathing rebuke of Roosevelt and the integrity of the upcoming 1936 election. In 1937, making a plea for the removal of all American civilians and military forces from Chinese war zone. In 1932, praising the determination, and patriotism of the Veterans Bonus Army—tens of thousands of World War I veterans who marched on Washington DC demanding early payments of their army bonuses.

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